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Cylindrical hydrogels have a wide variety of applications in microfluidics; for example, they serve as micro-valves, micro-mixers, and micro-lenses. The main advantages of them can be mentioned as their autonomous functionality due to their responses to environmental stimuli and simple geometry. Furthermore, functionally graded hydrogels have recently found applications in hydrogel actuators. Therefore, in this work, the kinetics of swelling, shrinking, and force generation of cylindrical functionally graded temperature-responsive hydrogels are investigated. Kinetics of cylindrical structure is investigated analytically by developing a mathematical model based on available constitutive... 

Cylindrical hydrogels have a wide variety of applications, especially in microfluidics as micro-valves, micro-mixers, and micro-lenses. Main advantages of them can be mentioned as their simple geometry and autonomous functionality due to their responses to the environmental stimuli. In current research, kinetics of swelling, shrinking and force generation of cylindrical temperature-responsive hydrogels have been investigated analytically. According to this, models of fluid permeation and large deformation of the hydrogels were considered and an analytical solution was performed. In order to study the behavior of the cylindrical hydrogels, the temperature is changed between higher and lower...