Sharif Digital Repository

Design for Human Safety (DfHS) is an approach to integrate knowledge of human safety in the design process. DfHS is multi-disciplinary in its nature, requiring many kinds of information and knowledge. Number of DfHS studies tried to apply Axiomatic Design (AD) to achieve their aims. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on application of AD in DfHS in manufacturing systems and to propose a roadmap for future DfHS works. This paper examines the number and type of publications dealing with this context. The review covers papers published between 1990 (when AD was introduced first) and 2017. It is based on a range of combinations of the following keywords: "Axiomatic design" and... 

Workers' absence considerably a ects the performance of labor-intensive construction projects. Identifying such absence patterns assists construction project managers in preparing proper project organization, reducing the absence rate, and improving the project performance. Despite its critical role, no study has investigated the absence pattern in the construction industry in Iran. This study addresses this gap by identifying the worker's absence pattern and providing recommendations to reduce the absence rate. First, a comprehensive literature review is conducted on the impacts of in uential factors in the worker's absence. Then, a questionnaire-based survey is designed and distributed... 

Making efficient use of transportation infrastructure has always been a concern. Traveler information provisions (TIPs) assist commuters in making better travel decisions and therefore lead to increased mobility and more efficient travel. The ongoing economic crisis and shrinking public funding have made the public-private partnership (PPP) an attractive instrument for promoting TIP. Such initiatives have been much discussed in developed countries. The use of PPP to fund public projects in developing countries, however, is in its infancy, and the related issues do not receive adequate attention in the literature. In this study, PPP opportunities in TIP were assessed in the case of a city in... 

Complex product systems (CoPS) industries largely contribute to industrial development, economic growth and creation of national wealth in both developed and developing economies. CoPS also show a number of specific characteristics as a distinctive category of industrial products in comparison with mass-produced consumer goods. These aspects have attracted the attention of scholars to study CoPS over the last two decades, resulting in a fairly extensive body of literature on the subject. However, there is a further need to connect research findings in this area, to illustrate a macro view of the development in the field, explore common themes, and identify possible paths into the future.... 

Accelerated bridge construction is recognized as an important method for bridge owners to accelerate the delivery of highway bridge projects. While the potential advantages of accelerated bridge construction are recognized, it is difficult for transportation specialists to quantify the risks and benefits of using accelerated bridge construction compared with conventional construction for specific bridge replacement or rehabilitation projects. A tool set, based on the analytic hierarchy process, is prepared for transportation specialists and decision makers to determine whether accelerated bridge construction is more effective than traditional construction for a given bridge replacement or... 

Owners of electric vehicles (EVs) can offer the storage capacity of their batteries to the operator of a microgrid as a service called vehicle-to-grid (V2G) to hold the balance between supply and demand of electricity, particularly when the microgrid has intermittent renewable energy sources. Literature review implies that V2G has economic benefits for both microgrid operator and EV owners, but it is unclear how these benefits are divided between them. The challenge grows when the policy makers rely on the V2G revenue as an incentive for expanding the penetration of EVs in the automotive market. This paper models the interaction between microgrid operator and EV owners as a bargaining game... 

In transportation literature, User Equilibrium (UE) has been widely studied since early 1950's, many studies of which define equilibrium flow of traffic for uncapacitated networks based on Wardrop's first principle, implying also a Nash Equilibrium (NE). Although, in general, the two equilibria (UE and NE) are not explicitly the same, they are shown to be equivalent under special conditions for uncapacitated UE, when volume delay functions are separable, continuous, non-decreasing and non-negative. A good deal of research is devoted to explain UE in capacitated networks based on Wardrop's first principle and the concept of generalized costs. However, UE for capacitated networks, even under... 

In transportation literature, User Equilibrium (UE) has been widely studied since early 1950's, many studies of which define equilibrium flow of traffic for uncapacitated networks based on Wardrop's first principle, implying also a Nash Equilibrium (NE). Although, in general, the two equilibria (UE and NE) are not explicitly the same, they are shown to be equivalent under special conditions for uncapacitated UE, when volume delay functions are separable, continuous, non-decreasing and non-negative. A good deal of research is devoted to explain UE in capacitated networks based on Wardrop's first principle and the concept of generalized costs. However, UE for capacitated networks, even under... 

In this study, a two-echelon single-vendor supply chain is selected to do a cost-based comparison between short-term performances of a Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) and a Retailer Managed Inventory (RMI). While the inventory costs include ordering and storing expenses, the rate of consumption and the price of goods are constant, the rate of production and pace of transportation are infinite and shortage is not allowed. This paper, after a comprehensive literature review, is followed by three cases of single retailer, n-retailer and two-retailer chains. Unlike the second case, in the first case, VMI shows an absolute superiority to RMI, and this is the reason for devising the third case in... 

Increasing rate of demanding biodiesel as alternative energy resource, persuade researchers to investigate engine performance of biodiesel-fueled engines, which are highly influenced by ignition delay (ID) and combustion characteristics of such a fuel. This review article introduces a literature review on ignition delay (ID) and combustion characteristics of diesel engine fueled with biodiesel. Slightly difference between combustion characteristics of bio fueled engine and petroleum diesel one recognized as result of carried out investigations. Early start of combustion (SOC) and shorter ID of biodiesel comparing to diesel is reported by most of investigations. Lower compressibility, higher... 

In rail transportation, there have been several attempts to determine the best routes for shipments (a number of cars with the same origin-destination) through the network. Shipments enter into several intermediate yards on their routes to separate and regroup shipments into new trains. Most of time, every entering into a yard includes excessive delay for shipments; therefore it is an ideal plan that each shipment has been transported by an exclusive train service. Mainly because of restriction on a number of running trains, this plan cannot be adapted in most cases. Finding the optimal route over the rail network with above and other common constraints would be handled by railroad blocking... 

In this paper, first we shall define a list of technology transfer barriers in the biotechnology field through interviews and literature reviews. Next, we shall categorize them into four major categories of technology, and at last introduce all of the hypotheses on the existence of relationship between each part of technology and failure in the technology transfer process. Questionnaires consisting of two parts were created and handed out to all of the specialists and biotechnology idea-holders in the Iranian National Research center of Biotechnology, Lidco Co, Iran Pastor Institute, Biotechnology Department of University of Tehran, etc. Going on, we've evaluated the factors' validity... 

Experiment is a procedure for verifying or establishing the validity of a hypothesis and then measuring or evaluating its outcomes. Due to the inherent uncertainties or ambiguities of its outcomes, a further treatment is needed for producing identical results. Fuzzy map is an approach for removing the uncertainties of the outcomes. In this manuscript, the procedure employed for conducting research and development in the field of nontechnology, in a developing country, is considered and the factors governing its success and its failures are analyzed. To accomplish this task, a thorough literature review was performed and the related critical factors were identified. Then an extensive survey... 

This article deals with technology strategy and its linkage with overall strategy at multi-business, diversified groups. In the last two decades, the alignment of technology and business strategy has been one of the important research fields in strategy and technology management scopes. These researchs has been concentrated on single companies through which different frameworks, models & decision support tools have been developed and widely utilized by industries. Although multi-business and diversified groups play an important role in global and national economics and need a comprehensive and overall plan for the management of their diversified technological assets, there are few researchs... 

Operational capabilities are used in resource based view in strategic management literature to explain how the difference in performing similar activities results in heterogeneity between firms. In order to advance our understanding of this concept, using a system metaphor, we try to shape a framework for micro-level analysis of operational capabilities. Following two stages of holism and focus for identifying system boundaries through looking related literatures, we propose knowledge, skills and tools as general micro elements of operational capabilities in form domain. Using Dependency Structure Matrix (DSM), we finally synthesize our conceptual framework to capture interactions of... 

A literature review of laboratory and field scale studies on low salinity water (LSW) injection showed that the salinity and composition of injected water can have a significant impact on oil recovery. Historically, extensive research has been completed to understand the mechanisms and factors affecting LSW injection. However, although numerous mechanisms have been proposed to describe the interactions in the target process, none have been widely accepted. In this study, waterflooding tests were used to investigate the advantages, disadvantages, and effect of LSW injection. In laboratory tests, two different brines and crude oil of one of Iran's southern reservoirs were used to assess the... 

Rings are widely used in mechanical equipment, and their fitness may undergo some damage under severe vibration. In these structures, functionally graded rings can be used to optimize the resistance, energy consumption, and fitness. Due to their complexity, the finite-element analysis may be implemented using special elements. Enhancement of accuracy and minimization of time consumption play an important role in the analysis of these rings. In this study, a new cylindrical superelement for the FGM rings is designed and implemented to facilitate the vibration analysis of the rings. The power-law distribution is used for the modeling of the FGM rings in the thickness direction. Natural... 

Nanotechnology is widely used in heat transfer devices to improve thermal performance. Nanofluids can be applied in heat pipes to decrease thermal resistance and achieve a higher heat transfer capability. In the present article, a comprehensive literature review is performed on the nanofluids’ applications in heat pipes. Based on reviewed studies, nanofluids have a high capacity to boost the thermal behavior of various types of heat pipes such as conventional heat pipes, pulsating heat pipes, and thermosyphons. Besides, it is observed that there must be a selected amount of concentration for the high-performance utilization of nanoparticles; high concentration of nanoparticles causes a... 

Previous studies have measured thoracic Range of Motion (RoM) using either skin-mounted devices or supine CT-imaging and have reported on quite different RoMs. Given the inherent shortcomings of measurements of vertebrae movements from the overlying skin, the present study aims to measure normal RoM of the thoracic spine in the sagittal plane using the upright digital radiography. Lateral radiographs of the thoracic spine were obtained from eight asymptomatic male subjects in upright standing and full forward flexion using a mobile U-arm digital radiographic system. Total (T1-T12), upper (T1-T6), and lower (T6-T12) thoracic RoMs were measured. A throughout comparison of available skin-based... 

Previous studies have measured thoracic Range of Motion (RoM) using either skin-mounted devices or supine CT-imaging and have reported on quite different RoMs. Given the inherent shortcomings of measurements of vertebrae movements from the overlying skin, the present study aims to measure normal RoM of the thoracic spine in the sagittal plane using the upright digital radiography. Lateral radiographs of the thoracic spine were obtained from eight asymptomatic male subjects in upright standing and full forward flexion using a mobile U-arm digital radiographic system. Total (T1-T12), upper (T1-T6), and lower (T6-T12) thoracic RoMs were measured. A throughout comparison of available skin-based...