Sharif Digital Repository

The outcome of the classic percolation approach is several power-law curves with some universal (critical) exponents. Here, the universality means that these power laws as well as their critical exponents, which control the global properties of a system, are independent of its details. Classic percolation considers the connectivity between two lines and two faces at opposite sides of a system in 2- and 3D problems, respectively; whereas, in practice (e.g. hydrocarbon formations), production and injection wells are represented by points (in 2D areal models) and lines (in 3D models). This study presents the results of Monte Carlo simulations of a 2D percolation model wherein the connection... 

In this study a Monte Carlo simulation was used to investigate the effect of cell reactivities and particle diffusivities in the cells and matrix on the diffusion and reaction rate constants in gel-immobilized cell systems with different spatial cell configurations. A variety of conditions were examined ranging from instantaneous to very slow reactions with reaction probabilities equal to or less than one, and diffusivity ratios bigger or smaller than one in a spherical domain. In the case of high reactivity (diffusion-limited), the simulation results indicated a decrease in the reaction rate constants when heterogeneity in the cell distribution was increased. In the case of low reactivity... 

The qualitative effects of residual stress parameters on fatigue crack growth are investigated using Monte Carlo probabilistic analysis technique. These parameters include the maximum residual stress,σ0, half-width of the tensile residual stress region, b, and the redistribution of residual stress parameter, β. A normal distribution is assumed for all parameters considered in the investigation and fatigue life is determined using Forman equation. The results indicate that: (i) fatigue life decreases nonlinearly if the mean of random maximum residual stress and the half-width of tensile residual stress region increases; (ii) fatigue life increases nonlinearly if the rate of residual stress... 

Well-Being reliability indices (Health, Margin and Risk), provide a comprehensive measure to assess the adequacy of composite power systems. Conventional reliability information about power system operation only considered health and risk states, which were not often adequate criteria in both power system planning and operation. Well-being approach for power system generation adequacy evaluation incorporates deterministic criteria in a probabilistic framework, and provides system operating information in addition to risk assessment and can be evaluated using analytical techniques. The most important part of this approach is the algorithm for calculating the probability of the states.... 

Studying the reliability of cracked structures under different types of failure modes such as a mixture of Mode I and Mode II loadings has been of great importance in many applications. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of different modes of loading, i.e. pure Mode I, pure Mode II and Mixed mode I/II loadings on the reliability of cracked structures via three typical case studies including 1st: through crack in a very wide plate, 2nd: cracked pressurized fuselage and 3rd: cracked fastener holes under actual geometries and loading conditions using the FORM, the fracture toughness and the equivalent SIF for Mixed mode I/II loading which is extracted by the Energy release... 

The passengers inside vehicles could be exposed to high levels of air pollutants particularly while driving on highly polluted and congested traffic roadways. In order to study such exposure levels and its relation to the cabin ventilation condition, a monitoring campaign was conducted to measure the levels inside the three most common types of vehicles in Tehran, Iran (a highly air polluted megacity). In this regard, carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter (PM) were measured for various ventilation settings, window positions, and vehicle speeds while driving on the Resalat Highway and through the Resalat Tunnel. Results showed on average in-cabin exposure to particle number and PM10 for... 

In this investigation, we have studied the kinetics and mechanism of desorption of CO from the Cu(110) surface using a new Monte Carlo simulation and putting emphasis on high order lateral interaction. According to our simulated TPD spectra, for β 0 = 10 K/s the maximum desorption rate occurs at Tm = 218.6 K. Furthermore, analysis of simulated TPD spectra of CO desorption shows that it is strongly lateral-interactive and results an activation energy of CO desorption from Cu(110) that is Ed = 66.6 Kj/mol. These simulated results are compared with other reported results and show excellent agreement. After that we have investigated the kinetics and mechanism of desorption of CO2 from the... 

Monte Carlo simulations have been carried out for 2-ethoxyethanol (C 2E1) in isothermal-isobaric ensemble (NPT) at different temperatures and 1 atm pressure with a continuum configurational biased procedure in water and chloroform media. Hydrogen bond bridges were formed between adjacent oxygen atoms in C2E1 (CH 3CH2OCH2CH2OH) through water molecules. We also found that the stable conformers of C2E 1 in water and CHCl3 are different and the effect of temperature on solute-solvent interaction energies is considerable. The self-association of C2E1 in aqueous and nonaqueous media has been studied by statistical perturbation theory, and the relative free energy has been obtained at different... 

Monte Carlo simulations have been carried out for 2-methoxyethanol in an isothermal-isobaric ensemble (NPT) at 298.15 K and 1 atm pressure. The optimized potential for liquid simulation force field parameters has been used for modeling 2-methoxyethanol and the TIP4P model for water. Intramolecular rotations are described by an analytical potential function fitted to ab initio energies. It has been shown that the water molecules can form hydrogen bonds between adjacent O atoms of CH3OCH2CH2OH in aqueous media. The self-association of 2-methoxyethanol in aqueous media has been studied by statistical perturbation theory  

Predicting the failure probability of composite laminates under fatigue loading has many uncertainties, such as material properties, loading, boundary conditions, etc. In this paper, the failure probability of pin-loaded composite laminates is investigated. For this purpose, the continuum damage mechanics (CDM) theory has been combined with Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) as a physics of failure tool to predict the failure of composite laminates in different directions (fibers, matrix, and shear) to calculate the probability of failure of the composite laminates under fatigue loading. Therefore, the failure function will be formed using the CDM theory and random variables identified. Finally,... 

Reactive extraction development was investigated to extract vanadium ions from sulfate solution in the modified rotating disc column (MRDC). It was found from batch experiments that D2EHPA and TBP concentrations, initial aqueous phase pH, and the concentration of NH4OH as a stripping agent were optimized equal to 0.3 M, 0.36 M, 2, and 1 M, respectively. In the continuous experiments, the effects of rotor speed, aqueous and organic phase flow rates, and mass transfer direction were investigated on the dispersed phase holdup, mass transfer coefficients, and vanadium extraction. The experiment design was based on the response surface design to analyze the dependence of responses with the input... 

A low power 4-bit flash ADC is proposed. A new power reduction technique is employed which deactivates the unused blocks in the converter structure in order to reduce the power consumption. A new method for built-in threshold voltage generation together with a new offset calibration method is used to further reduce the power consumption in the converter. Monte-Carlo simulation shows that after calibration both the INL and the DNL are lower than 0.35 LSB. The converter achieves 3.5 effective number of bits (ENOB) at 1.2 GS/s sampling rate after the offset calibration is performed. It consumes 10 mW from a 1.8 V supply, yielding a FoM of 560 fJ/conversion.step in a 0.18 μm standard CMOS...