Sharif Digital Repository

Petroleum based products are the major sources of energy for industry and daily life, With the development of social economy, the demands of the oil have increased dramatically. Petroleum hydrocarbons can cause environmental pollution during various stages of production, transportation, refining and use. Releases of petroleum products(e.g., gasoline, diesel, fuel oil) from aboveground and underground storage tanks or transport pipelines are the major causes of the environment pollution.The major constituents of petroleum hydrocarbons are biodegradable. Many soil microorganisms transform oil hydrocarbons into nontoxic compounds or mineralize them to inorganic compounds. In situ... 

Because of production of large volumes of Produces Water during oil exploration, it is necessary to purify this water for reuse or discharging to environment. Thus, finding a suitable method for removing contaminations seems necessary. In the present study, removal of soluble and dispersed organic contaminants from produced water by Dissolved Air Precipitation/ Solvent Sublation has been studied. Combination of floatation by dissolved air and extraction with solvent has been used for removal of organic compounds in order to study simultaneous effect of both methods on removal efficiency. Samples used in the experiments were tested in two groups: the first group was synthesized samples of... 

Biodegradation has always been as a proper method for treatment of oil contamination. Accordingly, several investigations have been done by mesophilic bacteria for biodegradation of hydrocarbons while few studies have been conducted about thermophilic bacteria.
There are many factors like high growth rate of thermophilic bacteria and good resistance of enzymes secreted from thermophiles against physical and chemical variations lead to the extensive use of thermophilic bacteria for removal of oil contamination. The important factors should be optimized in order to choose a suitable method for the removal of oil contaminations. Optimal conditions for oil contamination removal by... 

This research was done in order to test the capability of endemic microorganisms in treating hydro-carbonic pollutants found in the soil specimens of Assaluye industrial region. To find the optimum conditions for treating the contaminations, we tried several amounts of substrate as well as temperature and humidity. The total concentration of hydrocarbon compounds in polluted soil samples was measured by both infrared spectrometry and gas chromatography, in treatment process after extraction. The results show that, having 50mg substrate per 1kg of contaminated soil added and keeping humidity at 11%, in a 60-days course the level of initial pollution decreased by 60%. 10 degrees increase in... 

Chemical dispersants applied to the surface of Persian Gulf during the oil spill in 2010 were more than one million gallons. Following the addition of dispersants, oil mixes below the seawater surface and can be degraded or dissolved into the water column. The aforementioned condition is a perfect opportunity for degradation of organic pollutants using Ultraviolet light emitting diodes Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs). These methods are based on activation of oxidants such as persulfate and hydrogen peroxide to generate extremely reactive radicals. Dispersants would increase the degradation rate by providing more active area (homogenous solution) for these radicals. AOPs have shown to... 

Removal of petroleum hydrocarbons from water is one of the environmental challenges. In this study the functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was used to remove kerosene oil as contaminants from water. Effective factors on adsorption of oil on MNPs were investigated. Magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized on activated carbon derived from almond shell and after a coating by silica, it Was functionalized by NH2 and COOH functional groups. After preparation of kerosene oil/water stable emulsions by emulsifier, the adsorption capacity of AC@Fe3O4@SiO2-NH2-COOH was evaluated. The adsorbent was characterized by various physicochemical techniques such as transmission electron microscopy,... 

Within the past few years, soil and groundwater resources contamination by petroleum-based products has become of great concern in the environmental engineering literature as a serious environmental problem throughout the world. Amongst petroleum hydrocarbons, groundwater contamination by Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids (NAPLs) is one of the most important environmental problems. In order to effectively remediate contaminated sites, knowledge of the distribution of the NAPLs is essential. The success of the remedial design will be dependent on the ability to predict the subsurface distribution of the NAPLs. Release of these compounds from spills and leaky underground storage tanks into subsurface... 

Hazardous Noxious Substances (HNS) are chemicals. Due to population increase and as a result, increased demand, HNS transportation by sea has been raised. Gasoline and diesel are two kinds of HNS which have the largest transported amount via northern ports of Iran especially Anzali port. So, HNS spill from tankers is an imminent event and threat for environment of Caspian Sea. Organizations that are concern about the health of coasts and seas water always try to use the softwares to simulate the currents and waves to define the hydrocarbon slick transport. Therfore in this study, a 2D hydrodynamic/oil spill model has been developed to predict the transportation of diesel and gasoline slick... 

When oil spill take place, it should be removed rapidly. For control of oil pollution, polymeric foams that absorb oil highly, can be used. These foams are polyurethane and polypropylene that float on water and absorb several times their own weight of crude oil. When a thin layer of crude oil remained on water, it couldn’t be separated by chemical and physical methods. In this cases biological methods will be best and suitable. Therefore absorption and biodegradation of oil spill are executed by immobilization of suitable microorganism on polyurethane foam. But current polyurethane foams aren’t biodegradable so this incompetence should be solved. Polyurethane foams compose of two basic... 

In this research various treatment methods of produce water are discussed and categorized in two groups namely; Basic and advance methods. Four basic treatment methods including; hydro cyclone, flotation, settling and membrane filtration and also four advance treatment methods including; nano filtration, ultra filtration, oxidation and adsorption are considered to compare and to select the most proper ones. To compare the treatment methods a multi criteria decision method namely Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is applied twice to choose the most proper basic and advance treatment methods. The criteria are suggested according to the local conditions of Kharg Island and the similar... 

Soil and water pollution is one of the most common types of pollution in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The development of mines and the oil and petrochemical industry on one hand and the non-compliance with environmental requirements on the other hand have caused large amounts of hydrocarbon pollutants and heavy metals to enter the environment in recent decades. Petroleum materials and heavy metals leak into the surrounding environment during drilling and extraction in oil sites and mines or during land and sea transportation, despite the measures taken to control their pollution. The conducted studies show that human industrial activities are the only cause of environmental pollution... 

Oil pollutants are among the important sources of pollution in countries with oil and gas industries such as Iran. Soil pollution by these pollutants is one of the environmental issues and hazards. All kinds of organic and inorganic pollutants in the soil may penetrate the underground water or enter the atmosphere in the form of gas, which respectively enters the food chain through absorption by plants or enter the body of living organisms through breathing. They include humans, which are a threat to the health and life of living beings. For example, many of these pollutions cause diseases such as cancer, suppression of the body's immune system, or even obesity; therefore, it is necessary to... 

Oil spills in marine environments lead to serious environmental disasters and have significant short-term and long-term effects on the aquatic life cycle, the health of people living on the coasts, the region's ecology, and social and economic activities. Shipping and marine transportation are responsible for many oil accidents. For this reason, harbors- as one of the most important marine transportation infrastructures- are always exposed to oil spills which in addition to economic losses, can lead to disruption of ports' performance.To reduce the environmental and economic damages caused by oil spill incidents, it is necessary to prepare the harbors to deal with and clean up oil pollution... 

In recent years, the crude oil spills in the oceans and the excessive emission of electromagnetic waves in the living environment have threatened human health. Therefore, different methods have been considered to deal with each of these two threats. Recently, the use of polymeric boron nitride composites in the production of crude oil absorbents and electromagnetic wave shieldings has received attention due to its thermal conductivity, thermal and chemical stability. In the first step of this research, superhydrophobic composites of polyurethane sponges were prepared by boron nitride and electrically conductive nanomaterials that had photothermal and electrothermal properties. The results... 

Knowing the location and time of oil accidents and trying to track the pollution caused by these accidents is very important for the purpose of monitoring and protecting the environment. The occurrence of large oil spills in the marine environment can have serious environmental, social and economic consequences. In this research, oil spills in the Persian Gulf were first identified using remote sensing method and Sentinel-1 satellite images. The images of this satellite were called for the processes needed to identify oil spills in Google Earth Engine space. After detecting the oil spills, it is necessary to determine the duplicate spills and remove these types of spills, as well as estimate...