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    Design and analysis of an original powered foot clearance creator mechanism for walking in patients with spinal cord injury

    , Article Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology ; March , 2018 , Pages 1-5 ; 17483107 (ISSN) Maleki, M ; Badri, S ; Shayestehepour, H ; Arazpour, M ; Farahmand, F ; Mousavi, M. E ; Abdolahi, E ; Farkhondeh, H ; Head, J. S ; Golchin, N ; Mardani, M. A ; Sharif University of Technology
    Taylor and Francis Ltd  2018
    Abstract
    Background: The aim of this study was to assess the performance of an original powered foot clearance creator (PFCC) mechanism worn in conjunction with an isocentric reciprocal gait orthosis (IRGO) and evaluate its effect on trunk compensatory movements and spatiotemporal parameters in nine healthy subjects. Method: A PFCC motorized mechanism was designed that incorporated twin sole plates, the movements of which enabled increased toe to floor clearance during swing phase. A prototype was constructed in combination with an IRGO, and hence was re-named as an IRGO-PFCC orthosis. The effects of IRGO-PFCC usage on the spatiotemporal parameters and trunk compensatory movements during walking were... 

    Robotic Modeling of Paraplegic Locomotion to Improve the Gait Efficiency Using Modified Motion Pattern and Orthotics Design

    , M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology Abdolshah, Saeed (Author) ; Farahmand, Farzam (Supervisor)
    Abstract
    Walking on legs using orthosis for spinal cord injury patients has many advantages and decreases the physiological and psychological problems comparing with wheelchair application, however high energy consumption and early exhaustion of patients are disadvantages of orthosis usage. The most important group of orthosis for spinal cord injury patients is RGO (Reciprocating Gait Orhtosis) which a reciprocating cable mechanism links two hip joints motion. So swinging of mobile leg gets easier and stability of patient in standing and walking step increases. Regarding to existent reports about high energy consumption in walking by orthosis, this project has been fulfilled to design an improved... 

    The influence of new reciprocating link medial linkage orthosis on walking and independence in a spinal cord injury patient

    , Article Spinal Cord ; Volume 53 , October , 2015 , Pages S10-S12 ; 13624393 (ISSN) Ahmadi Bani, M ; Arazpour, M ; Farahmand, F ; Azmand, A ; Hutchins, S. W ; Vahab Kashani, R ; Mousavi, M. E ; Sharif University of Technology
    Nature Publishing Group  2015
    Abstract
    Objectives: The purpose of this paper is to describe the development and evaluation of a new medial linkage reciprocating gait orthosis (MLRGO) that incorporates a reciprocal mechanism and is sensitive to pelvic motion to potentially assist paraplegic patients to walk and provide functional independence. Case description and methods: The new orthosis was constructed and tested by a 20-year-old female paraplegic subject with transverse myelitis at T10 level, who was 4 years post injury and had also been an isocentric reciprocating gait orthosis (IRGO) user for 2 years. She received gait training for 12 weeks before undertaking gait analysis, and also completed a questionnaire that was... 

    Dynamic analysis of a 3-link biped model to investigate the rgo assisted paraplegic gait

    , Article Mobile Robotics: Solutions and Challenges - Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Climbing and Walking Robots and the Support Technologies for Mobile Machines, CLAWAR 2009, 9 September 2009 through 11 September 2009, Istanbul ; 2010 , Pages 1121-1127 ; 9789814291262 (ISBN) Nakhaee, K ; Farahmand, F ; Sharif University of Technology
    2010
    Abstract
    A 3D dynamic model with 3 segments and 5 degrees of freedom (DOF) was developed to simulate the gait of a paraplegic patient while wearing a rigid orthosis. The equations of motion were formulated based on Denavit-Hartenberg notation and solved using a combined forward-inverse dynamics approach assuming locked knees, passive hips and actuated pelvis joints. Results showed that the model could take a single step in response to a sinusoidal motion applied to the pelvis joints. It was concluded that a paraplegic patient is able to walk with proper immobilization of the paralyzed joints and appropriate maneuver of the trunk, without the need to a propulsion supply from hands through crutches  

    Design, construction, and evaluation of “sensor lock”: an electromechanical stance control knee joint

    , Article Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology ; 2017 , Pages 1-8 ; 17483107 (ISSN) Arazpour, M ; Ahmadi Bani, M ; Baniasad, M ; Samadian, M ; Golchin, N ; Sharif University of Technology
    Abstract
    Background and aim: Most currently-available stance control knee ankle foot orthoses (SCKAFOs) still need full knee extension to lock the knee joint, and they are still noisy, bulky, and heavy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to design, construct, and evaluate an original electromechanical SCKAFO knee joint that could feasibly solve these problems, and thus address the problems of current stance control knee joints with regards to their structure, function, cosmesis, and cost. Method: Ten able-bodied (AB) participants and two (knee ankle foot orthosis) KAFO users were recruited to participate in the study. A custom SCKAFO with the same set of components was constructed for each... 

    Layer Production of Orthosis in Cloud Manufacturing Environment: Focusing on Boston Brace

    , M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology Hassanpour Esfahlan, Yasaman (Author) ; Houshmand, Mahmoud (Supervisor)
    Abstract
    The purpose of this research is to optimize the design and manufacture of medical orthoses. In this regard, the business model canvas was used in order to define a general framework for the orthosis system in the cloud. In the cloud, patients are provided with services such as personalized orthoses with lower cost and high speed of sending orthoses (while not having to go back to the lab), as well as providing service for doctors such as information sourcing and full expectations of treatment plan and representing cost effectiveness for laboratory. These values were determined through the business model canvas in the value proposition section. Other important services and requirements in... 

    Design and analysis of an original powered foot clearance creator mechanism for walking in patients with spinal cord injury

    , Article Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology ; Volume 14, Issue 4 , 2019 , Pages 333-337 ; 17483107 (ISSN) Maleki, M ; Badri, S ; Shayestehepour, H ; Arazpour, M ; Farahmand, F ; Mousavi, M. E ; Abdolahi, E ; Farkhondeh, H ; Head, J. S ; Golchin, N ; Mardani, M. A ; Sharif University of Technology
    Taylor and Francis Ltd  2019
    Abstract
    Background: The aim of this study was to assess the performance of an original powered foot clearance creator (PFCC) mechanism worn in conjunction with an isocentric reciprocal gait orthosis (IRGO) and evaluate its effect on trunk compensatory movements and spatiotemporal parameters in nine healthy subjects. Method: A PFCC motorized mechanism was designed that incorporated twin sole plates, the movements of which enabled increased toe to floor clearance during swing phase. A prototype was constructed in combination with an IRGO, and hence was re-named as an IRGO-PFCC orthosis. The effects of IRGO-PFCC usage on the spatiotemporal parameters and trunk compensatory movements during walking were... 

    The gait and energy efficiency of stance control knee-ankle-foot orthoses: A literature review

    , Article Prosthetics and Orthotics International ; Volume 40, Issue 2 , 2016 , Pages 202-214 ; 03093646 (ISSN) Rafiaei, M ; Bahramizadeh, M ; Arazpour, M ; Samadian, M ; Hutchins, S. W ; Farahmand, F ; Mardani, M. A ; Sharif University of Technology
    SAGE Publications Inc  2016
    Abstract
    Background: The use of knee-ankle-foot orthoses with drop locked knee joints produces some limitations for walking in subjects with quadriceps muscle weakness. The development of stance control orthoses can potentially improve their functionality. Objectives: The aim of this review was to compare the evidence of the effect of stance control orthoses to knee-ankle-foot orthoses with drop locked knee joints in improving kinematic variables and energy efficiency of walking by subjects with quadriceps muscle weakness caused by different pathologies. Study design: Literature review. Methods: Based on selected keywords and their composition, a search was performed in Google Scholar, PubMed,... 

    Can lumbosacral orthoses cause trunk muscle weakness? A systematic review of literature

    , Article Spine Journal ; Volume 17, Issue 4 , 2017 , Pages 589-602 ; 15299430 (ISSN) Azadinia, F ; Ebrahimi Takamjani, E ; Kamyab, M ; Parnianpour, M ; Cholewicki, J ; Maroufi, N ; Sharif University of Technology
    Elsevier Inc  2017
    Abstract
    Background Wearing lumbosacral orthosis (LSO) is one of the most common treatments prescribed for conservative management of low back pain. Although the results of randomized controlled trials suggest effectiveness of LSO in reducing pain and disability in these patients, there is a concern that prolonged use of LSO may lead to trunk muscle weakness and atrophy. Purpose The present review aimed to evaluate available evidence in literature to determine whether LSO results in trunk muscle weakness or atrophy. Study Design This is a systematic review. Methods A systematic search of electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Medline (via Ovid) followed by hand search of... 

    Design, construction, and evaluation of “sensor lock”: an electromechanical stance control knee joint

    , Article Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology ; Volume 13, Issue 3 , 2018 , Pages 226-233 ; 17483107 (ISSN) Arazpour, M ; Ahmadi Bani, M ; Baniasad, M ; Samadian, M ; Golchin, N ; Sharif University of Technology
    Taylor and Francis Ltd  2018
    Abstract
    Background and aim: Most currently-available stance control knee ankle foot orthoses (SCKAFOs) still need full knee extension to lock the knee joint, and they are still noisy, bulky, and heavy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to design, construct, and evaluate an original electromechanical SCKAFO knee joint that could feasibly solve these problems, and thus address the problems of current stance control knee joints with regards to their structure, function, cosmesis, and cost. Method: Ten able-bodied (AB) participants and two (knee ankle foot orthosis) KAFO users were recruited to participate in the study. A custom SCKAFO with the same set of components was constructed for each... 

    Studying the effect of kinematical pattern on the mechanical performance of paraplegic gait with reciprocating orthosis

    , Article Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine ; Volume 226, Issue 8 , 2012 , Pages 600-611 ; 09544119 (ISSN) Nakhaee, K ; Farahmand, F ; Salarieh, H ; Sharif University of Technology
    SAGE  2012
    Abstract
    Paraplegic users of mechanical walking orthoses, e.g. advanced reciprocating gait orthosis (ARGO), often face high energy expenditure and extreme upper body loading during locomotion. We studied the effect of kinematical pattern on the mechanical performance of paraplegic locomotion, in search for an improved gait pattern that leads to lower muscular efforts. A three-dimensional, four segment, six-degrees-of-freedom skeletal model of the advanced reciprocating gait orthosis-assisted paraplegic locomotion was developed based on the data acquired from an experimental study on a single subject. The effect of muscles was represented by ideal joint torque generators. A response surface analysis... 

    The effect of lumbosacral orthosis on the thickness of deep trunk muscles using ultrasound imaging: a randomized controlled trial in patients with chronic low back pain

    , Article American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation ; Volume 98, Issue 7 , 2019 , Pages 536-544 ; 08949115 (ISSN) Azadinia, F ; Takamjani, I. E ; Kamyab, M ; Kalbassi, G ; Sarrafzadeh, J ; Parnianpour, M ; Sharif University of Technology
    Lippincott Williams and Wilkins  2019
    Abstract
    Objective This study was conducted to evaluate the changes occurring in the thickness of deep trunk muscles, measured using ultrasound imaging, after 4 wks of lumbosacral orthosis use in conjunction with routine physical therapy. Design This parallel-group, randomized, controlled trial was conducted on 44 patients with nonspecific chronic low back pain, randomly allocated to the experimental and control groups. Both groups received eight sessions of physical therapy twice per week for 4 wks. The experimental group wore nonextensible lumbosacral orthosis, in addition to undergoing routine physical therapy. The thickness of the transversus abdominis, obliquus internus, and lumbar multifidus... 

    Improving sit-to-stand transition by the saddle-assistive device in the spinal cord injury: A case study

    , Article Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine ; Volume 235, Issue 7 , 2021 , Pages 735-742 ; 09544119 (ISSN) Hojjati Najafabadi, A ; Amini, S ; Farahmand, F ; Sharif University of Technology
    SAGE Publications Ltd  2021
    Abstract
    Physical problems caused by fractures, aging, stroke, and accidents can reduce foot power; these, in the long term, can dwindle the muscles of the waist, thighs, and legs. These conditions provide the basis for the invalidism of the harmed people. In this study, a saddle-walker was designed and evaluated to help people suffering from spinal cord injury and patients with lower limb weakness. This S-AD works based on body weight support against the previously report designs. This saddle-walker consisted of a non-powered four-wheel walker helping to walk and a powered mechanism for the sit-to-stand (STS) transfer. A set of experiments were done on the STS in the use of the standard walker and... 

    A systematic review of the effect of foot orthoses and shoe characteristics on balance in healthy older subjects

    , Article Prosthetics and Orthotics International ; Volume 40, Issue 2 , 2016 , Pages 170-181 ; 03093646 (ISSN) Aboutorabi, A ; Bahramizadeh, M ; Arazpour, M ; Fadayevatan, R ; Farahmand, F ; Curran, S ; Hutchins, S. W ; Sharif University of Technology
    SAGE Publications Inc  2016
    Abstract
    Background: Foot orthoses are used to optimize lower extremity function and can improve postural stability by enhancing the afferent somatosensory feedback available to the central nervous system. Objective: The aim of this review was to evaluate the effect of foot orthoses on balance control in older subjects. Study design: Systematic review. Methods: The search strategy was based on the Population Intervention Comparison Outcome method. A search was performed in PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and ISI Web of Knowledge databases by using selected keywords. A total of 22 articles were selected for final evaluation. Results: The results demonstrated that older people should be advised... 

    Effects of lumbosacral orthosis on dynamical structure of center of pressure fluctuations in patients with non-specific chronic low back pain: A randomized controlled trial

    , Article Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies ; Volume 23, Issue 4 , 2019 , Pages 930-936 ; 13608592 (ISSN) Azadinia, F ; Ebrahimi Takamjani, I ; Kamyab, M ; Asgari, M ; Parnianpour, M ; Sharif University of Technology
    Churchill Livingstone  2019
    Abstract
    Background: A few clinical trials have examined the effect of treatment interventions on postural control in patients with chronic low back pain, all of which have exclusively evaluated postural stability using traditional linear measures of postural sway. However, postural control improvement cannot be determined by exclusively relying on linear measurements, because these parameters provide no information on underlying motor control mechanisms. Objective: This study aimed to compare the effect of using lumbosacral orthoses (LSO) together with routine physical therapy, compared to routine physical therapy alone on postural control, using nonlinear analysis techniques. Methods: Forty-four...