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Calculating leakage inductances between windings of multi-winding Traction transformers is one of the most important schemes in design procedure. In this paper, analytical and finite element methods (FEM) have been introduced for electromagnetic modeling of traction transformers with four pancake split windings. Using these models, the leakage inductances between the split windings are calculated and the models have been validated with the help of experimental data gathered from a typical 4000kVA cast-resin dry-type transformer. Some reformations are employed to improve the FEM results and effects of these reformations on accuracy of the model are studied. Employing the validated models, the... 

Utilization of superconducting equipment increases every day due to availability of the HTS tapes with reasonable prices, commercially. Since 1997, many high-temperature superconducting (HTS) transformers have been designed and fabricated. In this paper, all the different developments of HTS transformer windings since 1997 will be reviewed. Additionally, the advantages and disadvantages of the application of the two main winding types (the pancake and the layer) in the HTS transformer will be studied. © 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature