Sharif Digital Repository

Environmental problems as well as energy sustainability concerns, have forced many countries to provide part of their energy from Renewable Resources (RR). Solar energy has gained a lot of attention because of the huge energy stored in the sun and its availability. Since Energy conversion via PV panels causes less environmental problems, today, hundreds of large-scale PV parks are installed and planned worldwide. Since a single PV panel provides only up to 400 Watts of power, a PV park contains a large number of PV panels. Augmenting this large number of PV panels and converting their output power to AC using DC/DC and DC/AC converters should be in a form that not only the investment cost is... 

As population increases in the city, infrastructures have to be developed. Because of the limited financial supplies of the governments and infrastructures and high expenses of which, government is not capable of affording infrastructures to develop cities. Therefore,the government needs to encourage the private section to invest in such project for developing cities.One of the most required infrastructures for cities are parkings. parking spaces are inseparable elements of the Cities; their shortages bring many direct and indirect impacts on the quality of life of the Citizens, including waste citizen’s time in seeking for barely found parking spots, car traffic increase, and surge of... 

Due to the growth of population and the increasing number of auto-manufacturing plants in the world, governments have to find ways to decrease traffic, environmental pollution, etc. Providing parking lots is another problem with which we have to deal. It seems that designing and building multi-storey reinforced concrete parking structures is one of the ways to resolve this problem. According to complex behavior of concrete in compression and tension, it was so important to use an appropriate behavior model. In this research damage concept is used instead of crack concept which could models concrete behavior appropriately which causes acceptable results. According to uni-axial, bi-axial and... 

The detuning of the structures equipped with Tuned Mass Dampers (TMDs) caused by their nonlinear behavior under strong ground motions is a real concern in their practical application. This thesis presents a feasibility study on the effectiveness of TMDs in reducing the seismic response and the resulting structural damage of reinforced concrete structures under intense ground motion. A number of 2-D concrete moment resisting frames with different numbers of stories are considered. TMDs are used as a mean to protect these structural models against ground excitation. The mass of TMDs are varied from 1% to 5% of the first effective modal mass of the structural models. IDARC 2-D program is used... 

Up to now, many seismic design methods and construction technologies have been investigated to reduce the seismic responses of bridges, buildings and potentially vulnerable structures. [1] Introducing a new effective systems aim to control of vibration caused by earthquake on the structures will be useful. This system is based on repelling of imposed force to the structures with tuned mass dampers (TMDs), to gain minimum damage. The detuning of the structures by equipped with TMDs resulted from nonlinear behavior due to dynamic loads such as strong ground motions are real concern in the practical applications. The application of TMDs, as expected, can reduce the deformation of the... 

Collaboration of different agencies working together in a geographical location to reduce waste and optimize the sharing of resources such as energy, raw materials, water, technology, information, etc., made Eco Industrial Parks (EIPs) as a significant step toward sustainability. EIPs has been the focus of increased attention in recent years. Much of the research on industrial parks is related to water and energy network design. This project seeks to identify suitable water network designs for eco industrial parks by identifying the challenges associated with industrial parks. Then, by presenting nonlinear mathematical model and related optimization solution, the superiority of the proposed... 

Smoke is the largest cause of fire related deaths. A smoke control system is an engineered system that modifies smoke movement for the protection of building occupants, firefighters and properties. Unfortunately, in case of fire, stairwells and elevators are frequently filled with smoke, preventing effective evacuation. Many smoke control systems use mechanical fans to control smoke by providing positive pressure at strategic locations. Pressure difference across a barrier can control smoke movement by preventing smoke on the low-pressure side of the barrier from migrating to the high-pressure side. Building designers use codes and rules of thumb to design their building against fire.... 

Fire is an undesirable phenomenon that causes human and financial losses. This in itself is a dangerous event that becomes even more dangerous in closed spaces. Car fires in underground car parks are no exception. In this research, the fire caused by burning flammable materials inside the car cabin located in a closed underground parking environment and the performance of sprinkler and water mist nozzles in controlling and extinguishing it have been investigated. Based on the broad foundations of various phenomena affecting this problem, including the separation of solid fuels under the influence of heat and oxygen, chemical reactions, radiant heat transfer and change of liquid phase to... 

Identifying the success factors of construction projects is one of the most important issues in project management. Lack of sufficient and comprehensive knowledge of project success factors makes it difficult to control, monitor and operate projects. Therefore, identifying the factors influencing the failure or success of projects according to the type of projects by managers, employers and executives can provide a good framework for evaluating and reviewing project outputs for them. Also, recognizing the success factors of projects can help to manage the appropriate allocation of resources throughout the life of the project. The result of this study can increase the existing knowledge about... 

Over the last few years, several economical and environmental reasons have caused many countries throughout the world to plan to replace conventional gasoline vehicles with different types of electric vehicles, and hence, it is anticipated that using these vehicles will quickly be developed in near future. Widespread use of electric vehicles calls for a comprehensive network of easily accessible charging stations being capable of replenishing their batteries. In this regard, municipal public parking decks, because of their characteristics, can be considered as proper candidates for installing charging equipment. However, as a large number of electric vehicles can be parked at a public... 

Nowadays, high reliability requirements for commercial and industrial loads, make it necessary to install microgrids for supplying the loads during power outages. Due to the fact that solar energy is clean, free of noise pullotion and also it benefits from the governmental obligations, it is a wealthy choice for supplying the load in microgrid. Designing and operation of the photovoltaic microgrid are the two important steps that should be considered. In this thesis, these two steps have been investigated by integrating a battery system into a solar PV plant and control of PV mictrorid in islanded mode. In the designing step, the optimum battery bank is calculated. For calculating the... 

Nowadays, with population growth and vehicle traffic increase, only providing transportation supply couldn’t answer the transportation demand. One of the most important solutions to reduce traffic is transportation demand management (TDM). In this research, the effects of parking pricing and improving public transportation services on private car demand reduction in city center are examined. The data are collected from private cars users in the city center of Isfahan through interviews. By stated preference method, the impacts of parking price and public transit travel time and other related factors were investigated. For this purpose, binary logit, multinomial logit and nested logit models...