Sharif Digital Repository

Almost all of the heavy oil reservoirs contain discontinuous permeability barriers (shales) with different structures. However, the effect of shaly layer geometrical characteristics including: spacing from wells, discontinuity, orientation, shaly layers' spacing and length, and heterogeneous distribution on oil recovery factor in the presence of gravity force are not well understood. In this work, a series of solvent injection experiments were conducted on various vertical one-quarter five-spot glass micromodels, containing barriers, which were initially saturated with a heavy oil sample. The oil recovery was measured by analysis of the pictures provided continuously during the injection... 

Sulfur quantum dots (SQDs) were fabricated using a facile hydrothermal method and used for the preparation of functional food packaging film and compared the properties with other sulfur-based fillers like elemental sulfur (ES) and sulfur nanoparticles (SNP). The SQDs have an average size of 5.3 nm and were very stable in aqueous suspension. Unlike other sulfur-based fillers, the SQD showed high antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal activity, but no cytotoxicity was found for L929 mouse fibroblasts even after long-term exposure of 48 h. When sulfur-based fillers were added to the alginate film, SQD was more evenly dispersed in the polymer matrix than SNP and ES. The addition of SQD to... 

Biologic products are large molecules such as proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, etc., which have already produced many new drugs for clinical use in the last decades. Due to the inherent challenges faced by biologics after oral administration (e.g., acidic stomach pH, digestive enzymes, and limited permeation through the gastrointestinal tract), several alternative routes of administration have been investigated to enable sufficient drug absorption into systemic circulation. This review describes the buccal, sublingual, pulmonary, and transdermal routes of administration for biologics with relevant details of the respective barriers. While all these routes avoid transit through the...