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Scale Formation in Porous Media and its Impact on Reservoir Performance During Water Flooding
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Masihi, Mohsen (Supervisor) ; Taghikhani, Vahid (Co-Supervisor) ; Ghazanfari, Mohammad Hossein (Co-Supervisor)
Abstract
Mineral scale precipitation and carbonate rock dissolution are among the most important reactions that usually occur during water injection in oil reservoirs. These reactions happen due to incompatibility between formation water and injection water as well as deviation from equilibrium conditions. These reactions must be considered precisely because of the fact that they result in variation of reservoir porosity and permeability which affects recovery factor. In this study, the effect of injection pressure on these variations during single-phase water flooding is examined accurately. Additionally, the changes of ion concentration and the amount of dissolved or precipitated calcite or...
Experimental Analysis of Injection and Reservoir Brine Compatibility to Prevent Scale Formation during Various Oil and Gas Production Processes
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Jamshidi, Saeid (Supervisor)
Abstract
Scale formation is an unpleasant phenomenon that occurs when the mixed fluids are incompatible. The scales damage the reservoir, wellbore and the surface facilities. They reduce the effective fluid path and increase the pressure drop of the system; so it is necessary to study the precipitation thermodynamics of scale formation, and present a trustable method for banning the scales from precipitation. In this project, it has been tried to study the value of precipitated scale due to the mixing of two incompatible waters (Civand and Sea Water). The results of which are compared with the results of a geochemical software named PHREEQC. Then, the performance of hydro chloridric acid as a scale...
Modelling the System Ionic Composition Effect on CO2 Generation during Carbonate Reservoirs Acidizing
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Jamshidi, Saeed (Supervisor) ; Bazargan, Mohammad (Supervisor)
Abstract
Carbonate matrix acidizing using hydrochloric acid which causes CO2 generation is one of the most popular well stimulation techniques in recent decades. Lots of the wormhole propagation models developed for laboratory scale, assumes that the cores are fully saturated with aqueous solution and no CO2 gas is produced. Final purpose of this research is to develop a geochemical model describing equilibrium composition of a 3 phase system of acidic solution-gas-rock accurately in common pressure and temperature conditions of carbonate matrix acidizing to obtain main inputs of acid reactive flow in porous media from it. In this regard, concept of the “extent of the reaction” is defined and after...
Development of a Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Model of Lake Urmia
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Safaie, Ammar (Supervisor)
Abstract
Due to anthropogenic activities and climate change, Lake Urmia, one of the largest hypersaline lakes, is exposed to desiccating. The increase in salinity in this lake up to more than 400 p.s.u has endangered the ecology of this lake. In this study, a three-dimensional, unstructured grid and finite volume model FVCOM has been developed to investigate Lake Urmia's hydrodynamics, salinity, and water temperature over the year 2016. Some of the model inputs were lake bathymetry, meteorological data (including air temperature and pressure, wind speed and direction, short-wave and longwave radiation), precipitation, evaporation, river flux, salinity, and temperature. The model was calibrated...
Core-scale Mechanistic Simulation of Engineered Salinity Waterflooding Using Bond-Product-Sum Method
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Mahani, Hassan (Supervisor)
Abstract
Considering the world's diminishing oil reserves, as well as the growing demand for oil and energy consumption, Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) techniques are becoming increasingly important in the attempt to improve oil production. Engineering salinity waterflooding has gained widespread attention and popularity in the last two decades due to its environmental friendliness, lack of expensive additives, low operating costs, and ease of use as an oil extraction process. The goal of this study is to use an innovative method to develop a mechanistic approach model that simulates and forecasts the mechanism and performance of the engineered water flooding process. Wettability alteration, the most...
A coupled geochemical and fluid flow model to simulate permeability decline resulting from scale formation in porous media
, Article Applied Geochemistry ; Volume 107 , 2019 , Pages 131-141 ; 08832927 (ISSN) ; Kalantariasl, A ; Abbasi, S ; Shahrabadi, A ; Aghaei, H ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier Ltd
2019
Abstract
Scale precipitation due to the mixing of incompatible injected water with formation brine and its subsequent deposition in porous media is an unpleasant phenomenon in water injection projects that can lead to severe injectivity and productivity decline. As a result of the complexity of geochemical reactions, modelling scale precipitation and deposition is a challenge. This paper presents a coupled geochemical and fluid flow model to simulate reactive flow in porous media which models pressure difference increase resulting from scale formation during water injection into porous media. To simulate chemical reactions during scale formation and subsequent rock permeability decline, PHREEQC...
Geochemical and hydrodynamic modeling of permeability impairment due to composite scale formation in porous media
, Article Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering ; Volume 176 , 2019 , Pages 1071-1081 ; 09204105 (ISSN) ; Kalantariasl, A ; Parvazdavani, M ; Abbasi, S ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier B.V
2019
Abstract
Injectivity decline due to mineral scale deposition in near wellbore region of water injection wells is one of the main challenging issues and have been widely reported in the literature. One of the main mechanisms of injectivity loss is incompatibility between injected and formation waters that may result in inorganic scale precipitation and subsequent deposition in porous media. Reliable reactive flow models to predict type and amount of scale along with permeability decline estimation allow planning and risk management of water flood projects. In this paper, we present a coupled geochemical and hydrodynamic model to simulate the scale precipitation and deposition of mineral scales in...
Impact of rock mineralogy on reservoir souring: A geochemical modeling study
, Article Chemical Geology ; Volume 555 , November , 2020 ; Zhang, L ; Liu, L ; Shabani, A ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier B. V
2020
Abstract
The petroleum industry suffers from reservoir souring phenomena, which has negative impacts on production facilities, health, and environment. Injection of incompatible water into the reservoir (waterflooding), which is considered as an enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method, is one of the most common causes of reservoir souring. In general, injected brine, especially seawater, contains high amounts of sulfate ion (SO42−). A high concentration of sulfate in the presence of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) leads to the microbial reservoir souring. During this phenomenon, sulfide, specifically hydrogen sulfide gas (H2S) appears in the producing fluid of the reservoir. In this paper, a coupled...
A reactive transport approach for modeling scale formation and deposition in water injection wells
, Article Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering ; Volume 190 , 2020 ; Sisakhti, H ; Sheikhi, S ; Barzegar, F ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier B.V
2020
Abstract
Petroleum industry is moving toward enhancing oil recovery methods, especially water-based methods, including low salinity and smart water flooding which water with an optimized composition is injected into the reservoir for improving oil recovery. Injection of water into the target formation is also a common operation in geothermal energy production. As the water is being injected into the reservoir, pressure and temperature change along the well column and cause scale formation. Mineral scale precipitation and deposition is a common problem for water injection wells which reduces the effective radius of the wellbore and affects the injection efficiency. In this paper, modeling scale...
Detailed analysis of the brine-rock interactions during low salinity water injection by a coupled geochemical-transport model
, Article Chemical Geology ; Volume 537 , 2020 ; Zivar, D ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier B.V
2020
Abstract
Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) methods have been widely used around the world to improve oil production from petroleum reservoirs. Recently, the injection of the low salinity/smart water has gained popularity among the EOR methods. Different mechanisms are believed to exist during low salinity/smart water injection, including dissolution, precipitation, and ion exchange at the rock surface. In this study, a coupled geochemical-transport model is presented for the detailed analysis and investigation of the interactions between brine, sandstone and carbonate rocks. The proposed model presents the coupling of a geochemical software (PHREEQC) and a species transport model. This coupled method makes...