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Cyto and genotoxicities of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide sheets on spermatozoa
, Article RSC Advances ; Vol. 4, issue. 52 , May , 2014 , pp. 27213-27223 ; ISSN: 20462069 ; Akhavan, O ; Shamsara, M ; Rahighi, R ; Esfandiar, A ; Tayefeh, A. R ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
Concentration-dependent cyto and genotoxicities of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced GO (rGO) sheets on spermatozoa were studied. rGO sheets with various surface chemical states were achieved using hydrazine (N2H 4) hydrothermal (HT) reactions and green tea polyphenols (GTPs). Although 0.1 μg mL-1 graphene could not change sperm viability and kinetic parameters, <40% and 20% of spermatozoa were viable and progressively motile, after 2 h incubation with 400 μg mL-1 GO or rGO, respectively. All the graphene nanomaterials induced concentration- dependent reductions of adenosine triphosphate and NAD+/NADH produced by spermatozoa for motility and metabolic activity. While GO, N 2H4-rGO, and HT-rGO...