Sharif Digital Repository

Regarding the structural health monitoring of pipelines, early detection of cracks may be one of the possible ways to prevent future failures. Among the detection methods which have been known, one is to measure the vibration signals generated due to the hydraulics of pipe. This article discusses application of thin film piezo sensors mounted directly on the pipe. The vibration induced strain is transuded into electric voltage by the piezoelectric sensor. The recorded signals are used for PSD analysis which indicates that this method can be used as an accurate and cost effective detection. Moreover the promising results from the respective experiments on pipes indicated that second natural... 

This study is conducted aiming to identify the dynamics of a tapered beam, embedded by piezoelectric layer. Narrowing the tip of the beam equipped with piezoelectric patches leads to optimize the output power after excitation by the frequency sweep input. An accelerometer is installed on the beam base, which measures the acceleration that is applied to the system. Piezoelectric sensors also measure the generated voltage. The experimental test data is handled through CIFER software, using Fourier transform and Bode plot in the frequency domain, to obtain appropriate transfer functions. MATLAB is used for nonlinear simulation and validation of discrete transfer functions by a set of data that... 

A Piezoelectric Energy Harvester (PEH) of cantilever beam type is developed to optimize the generated power by means of active control of moment of inertia of the beam. Distributed parameter equations of vibration of the beam are developed. Then the electromechanical response of the piezoelectric actuator is discussed. The harvester configuration is then described and it is shown that such a configuration can avoid the drastic power drop in presence of uncertainty around resonance frequency by applying voltage to the piezoelectric actuator. Finally the proposed harvester output power working frequency span is compared to conventional methods to show that the significant performance... 

Pipelines are one of the most important and efficient ways for transporting energy like water, gas, oil and etc. between different places all across the world. As these pipelines are located in different conditions and situations, they are all sensitive to a wide variety of damages like vibration, so monitoring their structural behavior is an essential task. Monitoring pipeline vibration caused by cavitation through an orifice by a piezoelectric sensor is presented in this paper  

In Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) the operation is performed through introducing surgery instruments, graspers, scissor into the body. In the present work, a novel smart grasper is presented in which the surgeon can virtually acquire a feeling of force/momentum experienced by the organ/tissue. The smart grasper uses piezoelectric sensors bonded at desired locations to detect the applied force/momentum by surgeon and to measure the transmitted response to the tissue/organ. © 2009 IEEE  

Surface mounted piezoelectric sensors and actuators on elastic structures are often connected to electrical networks. The coupled equations of motion of the elastic structure with piezoelectric elements are already well known. However, due to complex behavior of some electrical elements in the electrical network, it is not an easy task to obtain the integrated equations of the whole system. A good remedy for this problem is to take advantage of an equivalent electrical circuit (EEC) representation of the mechanical part, leading the entire system to be represented as an electrical circuit. In this study, the authors propose a new method for constructing the EEC. This method is based upon the... 

The dynamic equations of piezoelectric benders are studied in this paper, considering nonlinear behavior of piezoceramics. A second order approximation of constitutive equations of piezoceramics is used to account for reversible nonlinearities. Transversal and longitudinal deflections at the tip of the beam and the blocking force as well as sensor equations (output charge as a function of external loads) are obtained under static conditions. The static equations are then used to construct a linear dynamic model for actuation. A Bouc-Wen type hysteresis model is employed in order to account for the irreversible nonlinearities. The final equation of motion is in the form of well-known Hill's... 

Often, during fabrication processes of fiber-matrix composites, the pertinent interface may be made imperfectly bonded either deliberately or undesirably. The effect of electric capacitors and mechanical imperfections on the electro-mechanical fields associated with an anisotropic piezoelectric matrix containing a cylindrical inhomogeneity made of a different anisotropic piezoelectric material is of interest. In fact the interface imperfection condition presented in this paper is quite general, in the sense that any combination of mechanical and electrical imperfections may exist. The interface electrical imperfection is mimicked by the electric capacitors. The capacity of the capacitors is... 

Two new displacement potential functions are introduced for the general solution of a three-dimensional piezoelasticity problem for functionally graded transversely isotropic piezoelectric solids. The material properties vary continuously along the axis of symmetry of the medium. The four coupled equilibrium equations in terms of displacements and electric potential are reduced to two decoupled sixth- and second-order linear partial differential equations for the potential functions. The obtained results are verified with two limiting cases: (i) a functionally graded transversely isotropic medium, and (ii) a homogeneous transversely isotropic piezoelectric solid. The simplified relations... 

In the present work, an analytical solution is presented for the scattering of transverse surface waves by a homogeneous piezoelectric fiber contained in a functionally graded piezoelectric half-space with exponential variation. The boundary value problem of interest is solved by constructing an appropriate set of multipole functions which satisfy: (a) the electromechanical field equations in the half-space, (b) the boundary conditions along its free surface, and (c) the far-filed radiation conditions. It is shown that the simple poles of these functions are related to the roots of the pertinent dispersion relation. For the case of electrically short condition along the free surface of the... 

Micro actuators are irreplaceable part of motion control in minimized systems. The current study presents an analytical model for a new Hybrid Thermo Piezoelectric micro actuator based on the combination of piezoelectric and thermal actuation mechanisms. The micro actuator structure is a double PZT cantilever beam consisting of two arms with different lengths. The presented micro actuator uses the structure of electrothermal micro actuator in which polysilicon material is replaced by PZT. Also the voltage and poling directions are considered in the lengthwise of PZT beams. As a result, the piezoelectric actuation mechanism is based on d33 strain coefficient. The tip deflection of micro... 

In this work, the dynamic and vibrational behavior of a micro/nano-manipulator has been studied. The manipulator comprises three links attached serially. While the connection of the links is rigid, which makes the whole body a monolithic structure, the movement of the manipulator is derived from the links deflection. Piezoelectric layers were employed as an actuator to impose deflection on the links, thereby moving the manipulator. After defining the dynamic behavior of each link, manipulator equations of motion were developed. To evaluate the validity of the mathematical model, two FEM models were constructed. The observed results showed a good agreement between the models, and they... 

In this work, the dynamic and vibrational behavior of a micro/nano-manipulator has been studied. The manipulator comprises three links attached serially. While the connection of the links is rigid, which makes the whole body a monolithic structure, the movement of the manipulator is derived from the links deflection. Piezoelectric layers were employed as an actuator to impose deflection on the links, thereby moving the manipulator. After defining the dynamic behavior of each link, manipulator equations of motion were developed. To evaluate the validity of the mathematical model, two FEM models were constructed. The observed results showed a good agreement between the models, and they... 

In this paper, the tip tracking control problem of a Timoshenko micro-cantilever beam is investigated. The beam is actuated by a piezoelectric layer laminated on one side of the beam. Dynamic equations of the beam and piezoelectric layer are found using the Hamilton principle. By employing the Galerkin projection method, state space representation of the system is derived. Then, a cascade control loop is used for tracking control of the beam's tip. The cascade control structure consists of an inner loop stabilizer and an outer loop proportional-integral-derivative controller. The stabilizer has a linear feedback form whose states are obtained through a linear observer which is based on the... 

Propagation of P-wave in an unbounded elastic polymer medium which contains a set of nested concentric spherical piezoelectric inhomogeneities is formulated. The polymer matrix is made of Epoxy and is isotropic; each phase of the inhomogeneity is made of a different piezoelectric material and is radially polarized and has spherical isotropy. Note that the individual phases are homogeneous, and all interfaces are perfectly bonded. The scattered displacement and electric potentials in the matrix are expressed in terms of spherical wave vector functions and Legendre functions, respectively. The transmitted displacement and electric potentials within each phase of the piezoelectric particle are... 

The purpose of this paper is to design and analyze a 3-link micro-device proposed as a micro-manipulator. This micro-manipulator includes 3 micro-beams as links connected to one another with no conventional or flexural joints. While the structure of the micro-manipulator is monolithic, end-effector workspace is achieved through deflection of links which is actuated by piezoelectric layers. By combining static analysis of the links through a multilayer piezoelectric beam model and kinematic analysis of the micro-manipulator, inverse kinematic has been solved utilizing the Taylor series expansion technique and the perturbation method. The obtained results through the present model reveal that... 

A linear ultrasonic motor (LUSM) with an elliptical-shaped metallic stator and two orthogonal vibration modes is presented in this research. The driving tip's desired vibration is generated by the excitation of two piezoelectric actuators installed inside the stator by two sinusoidal voltages with ±[Formula presented] phase difference. The working principle of the motor is described and mathematically formulated. Furthermore, finite element analysis and parametric optimization are performed to finalize the motor design. A prototype of the motor is fabricated and evaluated by identification and operation tests. The experimental and numerical characteristic curves of the motor are presented... 

The effects of hydrophilic and hydrophobic nanosilica (SiO2) on the morphology, mean diameter distribution of fibers, mechanical and piezoelectric properties of poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) nanofibers were studies. We prepared Nanofibers by the electrospinning of PVDF solutions containing 1.5 wt.% both hydrophilic and hydrophobic nano-SiO2 loadings. Morphology and diameter distribution of the electrospun nanofibers were studied using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) analysis. Tensile test was used to study the effect of both types of nanosilica on the tensile strength, young's modulus and strain at break. Piezoelectric characterization of the electrospun fibers were... 

The governing differential equation of motion for an undamped thin rectangular plate with a number of bonded piezoelectric patches on its surface and arbitrary boundary conditions is derived using Hamilton's principle. A moving mass traveling on an arbitrary trajectory acts as an external excitation for the system. The effect of the moving mass inertia is considered using all the out-of-plane translational acceleration components. The method of eigenfunction expansion is used to transform the equation of motion into a number of coupled ordinary differential equations. A classical closed-loop optimal control algorithm is employed to suppress the dynamic response of the system, determining the...