Sharif Digital Repository

Feasibility of a new integrated amplitude modulator/switch operating up to the visible spectrum, based on the absorption of light due to the linear interaction of the incident laser and a two-dimensional plasma layer is demonstrated. Plasma layers are generated via the Muller effect at the waveguide's interfaces. A plasma wave is excited in the two-dimensional gas when it is illuminated by electromagnetic radiation. Thus, due to the energy transfer from the electromagnetic wave to the plasma wave, the output light intensity can be controlled. The device is capable of amplitude modulation of guided beams in dielectric waveguides. Analysis based on both full-classical and semiclassical... 

The feasibility of an integrated optical memory is explored. This memory cell is based on the plasma wave modulator/switch1, which has a horizontal layered structure. A transverse voltage maintains a bias for the structure and can be used for electrical write cycle. The cell content is then read by a propagating guided optical wave across the structure. It is also possible to apply full optical read/write/clear cycles as discussed. The read cycle can be either destructive or nondestructive, depending on the wavelength. A modification of this device may be considered as an opto-transistor, in which an optical signal controls the flow of another optical beam  

In this paper, a new integrated programmable diffractive optical element is described, which is composed by stacking of the plasma wave optical modulator/switch structure1. This structure has the possibility of high density integration by means of the state-of-the-art fabrication technologies. The device has the in-design capability to be either programmed electrically or optically. Both the optical and electrical programming require transverse DC biases across the waveguide modulators. Programming time in both approaches could be as low as 10ps. As proposed in the paper, the device has numerous applications in different areas including decision making, pattern recognition, high density... 

We propose a component model for the scheduling of combined-cycle gas turbine (CCGT) units by mixed-integer programming (MIP) in which combustion turbines (CTs) and steam turbines (STs) are modeled as individual units. The hourly schedule of CCGT based on the component model is compared with that of the mode model. The modeling of modes, which includes a combination of CTs and STs, would require certain approximations for representing fuel input-power output curves, ramping rate limits, minimum operating time limits, etc. The approximations can result in sub-optimal schedules. Furthermore, the commitment and dispatch of CCGTs based on the mode model will require a real-time dispatch to... 

This paper demonstrates how a probabilistic criterion could be explicitly integrated in the unit commitment (UC) formulation. Both spinning reserve and interruptible load are taken into account as the operating reserve facilities. Incorporating the interruption notice time of interruptible load involves some complexities in the evaluation procedure and problem formulation which is considered in this paper. The expected energy not supplied (EENS) is considered as a probabilistic criterion and a new method is proposed to calculate this index in the presence of interruptible load. The reliability-constrained unit commitment (RCUC) problem is formulated based on the mixed-integer programming... 

During the recent experiments and PIC simulations, quasi-monoenergetic for electron is observed [1, 2]. Forming the free of cold plasma electrons cavity behind the laser pulse is possible instead of periodic plasma wave and plasma channel guided method [3]. In this bubble cavity a dense bunch of relativistic electrons with a monoenergetic spectrum is self-generated [3].The profiles [3] and PIC simulation [4] show the ellipsoid shape cavity behind the laser pulse. In this work we present an analytical ellipsoid model and discuss how quasi-monoenergetic electron is produced in the bubble field  

The surface of a topological insulator hosts Dirac electronic states with the spin-momentum locking, which constrains spin orientation perpendicular to electron momentum. As a result, collective plasma excitations in the interacting Dirac liquid manifest themselves as coupled charge- and spin-waves. Here we demonstrate that the presence of the spin component enables effective coupling between plasma waves and spin waves at interfaces between the surface of a topological insulator and insulating magnet. Moreover, the helical nature of spin-momentum locking textures provides the phase winding in the coupling between the spin and plasma waves that makes the spectrum of hybridized spin-plasma... 

A reliable analytical expression for the potential of plasma waves with phase velocities near the speed of light is derived. The presented ellipsoid cavity model is more consistent than the previous spherical model and it explains the monoenergetic electron trajectory more accurately especially in the relativistic regime. The electron energy spectrum is also calculated and it is found that the energy distribution ratio of electrons ΔE/E for the ellipsoid model in the here reported condition is about 10%, which is less than half that of the spherical model (25%) and it is in good agreement with the experimentally measured value of 12% under the same condition. The experimental measurements... 

In this paper a new method for generating twisted terahertz radiation is proposed. The generation of twisted terahertz radiation in a plasma vortex, where the plasma density profile has helical structure, is investigated. The method is described on the basis of angular momentum exchange between plasma vortex and laser beam. The interaction of the vortex plasma and photons causes the laser angular momentum to change. Twisted terahertz radiation is produced at the beat frequency of laser and electron plasma waves. In this process, for Gaussian laser modes, the angular momentum of terahertz wave derives from the plasma vortex, while for the Laguerre-Gaussian it originates in the difference in... 

In this work we present an ellipsoid cavity regime for the production of a bunch of quasi-monoenergetic electrons. The electron output beam is more effective than the periodic plasma wave method or the plasma-channel-guided method. A hyperbola, parabola or ellipsoid path is described for the electron trajectory motion in this model. A dense bunch of relativistic electrons with a quasi-monoenergetic spectrum is self-generated here. The obtained results show a smaller width for the electron energy spectrum in comparison with the previous results. We found that there are optimum conditions to form the ellipsoid cavity. Laser beam properties (such as the spot size, power and pulse duration) and... 

Ancillary services are generally referred as those services other than energy that are essential for ensuring reliable operation of electric power systems. This paper discuses different approaches for procuring required ancillary services for power system security. Furthermore, various design options for ancillary service markets are studied. Such markets are typically operated by an independent system operator (ISO). Different characteristics of each design option are also explained in this paper. The two most important factors which will be discussed for each design option are the price reversal phenomenon and total procurement cost. © 2007 IEEE  

Using the ellipsoidal cavity model, the quasi-monoenergetic electron output beam in laser-plasma interaction is described. By the cavity regime the quality of electron beam is improved in comparison with those generated from other methods such as periodic plasma wave field, spheroidal cavity regime and plasma channel guided acceleration. Trajectory of electron motion is described as hyperbolic, parabolic or elliptic paths. We find that the self-generated electron bunch has a smaller energy width and more effective gain in energy spectrum. Initial condition for the ellipsoidal cavity is determined by laser-plasma parameters. The electron trajectory is influenced by its position, energy and... 

Cu@Cu2O core-shell nanoparticles on a-C : H thin films are prepared by co-deposition of RF-sputtering and RF-PECVD. Samples with different copper concentrations are grown. The copper content of films increases with reduction in initial pressure and rises with increasing RF power. When the Cu/C ratio reaches 0.5, the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak that is a signature of the formation of Cu nanoparticles appears in visible spectra of these films. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) characterization indicates that the surface of the copper nanoparticles oxidizes when they are exposed to air. The results are indicative that the shell of the nanoparticle is mainly the Cu 2O phase that is... 

In this paper, the analytical solution to a new class of nonlinear solitons is presented with cubic nonlinearity, subject to a dissipation term arising as a result of a first-order derivative with respect to time, in the weakly nonlinear regime. Exact solutions are found using the combination of the perturbation and Green's function methods up to the third order. We present an example and discuss the asymptotic behavior of the Green's function. The dissipative solitary equation is also studied in the phase space in the non-dissipative and dissipative forms. Bounded and unbounded solutions of this equation are characterized, yielding an energy conversation law for non-dissipative waves....