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To tackle the air pollution issues, Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) are proposed as an appropriate solution. Charging a large amount of PHEV batteries, if not controlled, would have negative impacts on the distribution system. The control process of charging of these vehicles can be centralized in parking lots that may provide a chance for better coordination than the individual charging in houses. In this paper, an optimization-based approach is proposed to determine the optimum PHEV parking capacities in candidate nodes of the distribution system. In so doing, a profile for charging and discharging of PHEVs is developed in order to flatten the network load profile. Then, this... 

The short-term expansion planning of the private utilities, as well as the emerging technologies such as photovoltaic panels (PVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), cryptocurrency mining, and storage elements spread, make the long-term load estimation of distribution transformers (DTs) noticeably imprecise. In response, the number of overload and underload transformers is growing in recent years. The utilities normally analyse the loading of their DTs annually to determine the DTs, which should be replaced. It is a common practice for utilities to relocate these DTs to reduce the investment needed to purchase new transformers. Therefore, the utility needs a systematic algorithm to... 

Proliferation of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) and integration of various distributed generation (DG) technologies have been recognized to play an undeniable role in modern power systems of the future. In order to effectively model the interactions of these two technologies, this paper develops a multi-criteria framework to coordinate the charging behaviors of PHEVs within an energy hub platform. In this regard, the desirable charging profiles from the viewpoint of both PHEV owners and hub manager are first captured and reported to the PHEVs Coordinator Entity (PCE). The PCE, then, runs an optimization framework in which several criteria including the PHEV owners’ convenience,... 

Despite the economic and environmental advantages of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), the increased utilization of PHEVs brings up new concerns for power distribution system decision makers. Impacts of PHEVs on distribution networks, although have been proven to be noticeable, have not been thoroughly investigated for future years. In this paper, a comprehensive model is proposed to study the PHEV impacts on residential distribution systems. In so doing, PHEV fundamental characteristics, i.e., PHEV battery capacity, PHEV state of charge (SOC), and PHEV energy consumption in daily trips, are accurately modeled. As some of these effective characteristics depend on vehicle owner's... 

This paper proposes a novel optimization based home load control (HLC) to manage the operation periods of responsive electrical appliances, determine several recommended operation periods for nonresponsive appliances, and schedule the charge/discharge cycling of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) considering various customer preferences. The customer preferences are in the format of payment cost, interruption cost, and different operational constraints. The projected algorithm is online, in which household appliances are initially scheduled based on the payment cost, and when the home load is interrupted, the scheduling will be updated to minimize customer interruption cost. Due to... 

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles draw electricity from the electrical grid and store energy in their batteries. To increase charge availability for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, on-board chargers can be used, which should be small in size and lightweight. In this article, an on-board bidirectional soft-switched battery charger is proposed that utilizes a phase-shift-controlled dual-bridge series resonant converter with isolation. The bidirectional characteristic of proposed charger makes it suitable for vehicle-to-grid operation (i.e., injecting power from the vehicle to the grid) in smart grids. A switching control scheme is also proposed to provide soft-switching operation for all... 

This paper investigates three different strategies for centralized charging/discharging management of electric vehicles, their features and the impacts on technical performance of distribution systems. Three goals of load factor maximization, load variance reduction and energy loss minimization are chosen as the main technical factors need to be optimized in the proposed electric vehicles charging/discharging management strategies. In this regard, at first, the mathematical model of these strategies for both cases of with/without vehicle-to-grid (V2G) programs are extracted. Then, solving procedure of the attained optimization problems with different optimization methods are explained. These... 

This paper investigates three different strategies for centralized charging/discharging management of electric vehicles, their features and the impacts on technical performance of distribution systems. Three goals of load factor maximization, load variance reduction and energy loss minimization are chosen as the main technical factors need to be optimized in the proposed electric vehicles charging/discharging management strategies. In this regard, at first, the mathematical model of these strategies for both cases of with/without vehicleto- grid (V2G) programs are extracted. Then, solving procedure of the attained optimization problems with different optimization methods are explained. These... 

The electric power industry is the main part of Science development, and today, with the advent of technology, the demand for electric power has been expanded. On the other hand, smart grids are developing heavily. One of the notable features of these networks is the presence of a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV). The addition of these cars to the network has its own advantages and disadvantages. One of the most important issues in smart grids is network management and control of critical system parameters. In this paper the effect of these cars on the grid is investigated. These vehicles impose an increase in production capacity in the uncontrolled charge mode. They also have the... 

This paper presents a residential energy hub model for a smart multi-carrier energy home consisting of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), combined heat and power (CHP), solar panels, and electrical storage system (ESS). The energy hub inputs are electricity and natural gas that provide electrical and heat demands at the output ports. In this paper, an optimization-based program is proposed to determine the optimal operation mode of the energy hub, to manage the energy consumption of responsive appliances, to schedule charging/discharging of PHEV and the storage system, and to coordinate solar panels operation with household responsive demand in response to day-ahead time-varying tariffs... 

Battery chargers are fundamental components for successful deployment of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) into future smart grid. Recently, an integrated isolated bidirectional battery charger has been proposed for PHEV applications. The proposed charger eliminates the conventional bulky dc-link capacitor by feeding a dual-bridge resonant tank directly from the three-phase grid. The disadvantages associated with the presented charger are the high number of semiconductor switches which contribute to high cost and switching losses of converter as well as complicated control circuitry. In this paper, the previous structure is modified to address the aforementioned drawbacks and is... 

This paper proposes a new framework for home energy management (HEM) in the context of renewable-based residential energy hub using a probabilistic optimization approach. Different energy converters and storages, including combined heat and power, a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, a heat storage unit, solar panels, and generic household appliances, are considered in the energy hub. The customer's energy cost is considered as the objective of the HEM optimization problem and different operational limits of the energy hub components are modeled as the constraints. The two-point estimate method is incorporated in this paper to model the uncertainty associated with output power of the rooftop... 

Installation of a significant number of distributed generators (DGs), besides the application of non-sinusoidal loads such as; Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs), in the emerging smart distribution networks and the industrial plants have posed a major challenge to the existing methods of optimal transformer sizing (OTS). The harmonic currents generated in these new environments not only substantially increase the transformer load losses, but also cause abnormal winding temperature rise and hence transformer excessive loss of life. Therefore, the harmonic contents of the loads currents should be accounted in choosing the appropriate size of distribution transformers. To address this... 

The electric power industry is the main part of Science development, and today, with the advent of technology, the demand for electric power has been expanded. On the other hand, smart grids are developing heavily. One of the notable features of these networks is the presence of a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV). The addition of these cars to the network has its own advantages and disadvantages. One of the most important issues in smart grids is network management and control of critical system parameters. In this paper the effect of these cars on the grid is investigated. These vehicles impose an increase in production capacity in the uncontrolled charge mode. They also have the... 

Recently, with the growth and development of distributed generation (DGs) and energy storage systems (ESSs), as well as smart control equipment, microgrids (MGs) have been developed. Microgrids are comprised of a limited number of constitutive parts, including loads, DGs, ESSs, and electric vehicles (EVs). This paper presents a novel scheme to manage active and reactive powers, based on DGs, ESSs, and EVs to reduce the total operation cost including power generation and emission costs. Simultaneous management of active and reactive power makes it possible to consider grid operation constraints together. In the proposed schedule, the vehicles are assumed to be plug-in hybrid electric...