Sharif Digital Repository

In this paper, assuming porosity varies only along thickness direction, its optimal distributions in functionally graded porous (FGP) beams are tailored. Two multi-objective optimization problems are defined. In the first one, critical buckling load and mass are optimized simultaneously while in the second one, we concentrate on simultaneous optimization of mass and fundamental frequency. Employing Timoshenko beam theory, we present governing equations for a FGP beam. For the solution, we use Ritz method and propose appropriate trial functions according to the boundary conditions (Hinged-Hinged, Clamped-Clamped, Clamped-Hinged and Clamped-Free). Since the porosity distribution along... 

Due to rapid development of process manufacturing, composite materials with porosity have attracted commercial attention in promoting engineering applications. For this regard, in this research wave propagation-thermal characteristics of a size-dependent graphene nanoplatelet-reinforced composite (GNPRC) porous cylindrical nanoshell in thermal environment are investigated. The effects of small scale are analyzed based on nonlocal strain gradient theory (NSGT). The governing equations of the laminated composite cylindrical nanoshell in thermal environment have been evolved using Hamilton’s principle and solved with the assistance of the analytical method. For the first time, wave... 

This article investigates the influence of porosity on free and forced vibration characteristics of a nanoshell reinforced by graphene platelets (GPL). The material properties of piece-wise graphene-reinforced composites (GPLRCs) are assumed to be graded in the thickness direction of a cylindrical nanoshell and estimated using a nanomechanical model. In addition, because of imperfection of the current structure, three kinds of porosity distributions are considered. The nanostructure is modeled using modified strain gradient theory (MSGT) which is a size-dependent theory with three length scale parameters. The novelty of the current study is to consider the effects of porosity, GPLRC and MSGT... 

Gas diffusion layers (GDL) are one of the important parts of the PEM fuel cell as they serve to transport the reactant gases to the catalyst layer. Porosity of this layer has a large effect on the PEM fuel cell performance. The spatial variation in porosity arises due to two effects: (1) compression of the electrode on the solid landing areas and (2) water produced at the cathode side of gas diffusion layers. Both of these factors change the porosity of gas diffusion layers and affect the fuel cell performance. To implement this performance analysis, a mathematical model which considers oxygen and hydrogen mass fraction in gas diffusion layer and the electrical current density in the... 

In the present study, considering two-dimensional porosity distribution through a functionally graded porous (FGP) beam, its optimal distributions are obtained. A multi-objective optimization problem is defined to maximize critical buckling load and minimize mass of the beam, simultaneously. To this end, Timoshenko beam theory is employed and equilibrium equations for two-dimensional functionally graded porous (2D-FGP) beam are derived. For the solution, we present generalized differential quadrature method (GDQM) and consider two symmetric boundary conditions (Clamped-Clamped and Hinged-Hinged). Solving generalized eigenvalue problem, critical buckling load for 2D-FGP beam is then obtained.... 

Several methods have been developed in the past for analyzing the porosity and other types of well logs for large-scale porous media, such as oil reservoirs, as well as their permeability distributions. We developed a method for analyzing the porosity logs φ(h) (where h is the depth) and similar data that are often nonstationary stochastic series. In this method one first generates a new stationary series based on the original data, and then analyzes the resulting series. It is shown that the series based on the successive increments of the log y(h)=φ(h+δh)-φ(h) is a stationary and Markov process, characterized by a Markov length scale hM. The coefficients of the Kramers-Moyal expansion for... 

In the present study, an attempt is made to present the governing equations on the post-buckling of two-dimensional (2D) FGP beams and propose appropriate optimization procedure to achieve optimal post-buckling behavior and mass. To this end, Timoshenko beam theory, Von-Karman nonlinear relations, virtual work principle, and generalized differential quadrature method are considered to derive and solve governing equations and associated boundary condition (Hinged–Hinged) for an unknown 2D porosity distribution. Proposed method is validated using the papers in the literature. The optimization procedure including defining porosity distributions (interpolations), post-buckling function and... 

High-pressure die casting (HPDC) is one of the most important manufacturing processes. Air porosity in HPDC parts has many serious effects upon the casting quality. A 3D single-phase code based on the SOLA-VOF algorithm is used for the continuous phase advection during mold filling. In this research, a computational model based on concentration transport equation is used for calculation of air porosity distribution and a mixed VOF-Lagrange algorithm is developed in order to model splashing in HPDC. Finally, Schmid's experimental tests are used to verify the modelling results and the comparison between the experimental data and simulation results has shown a good agreement. © 2007...