Sharif Digital Repository

The identification of the poor and the elimination of their poverty always has been the subject of discussion among researchers and policymakers. Today, most researchers consider poverty as a multidimensional phenomenon, and in addition to income indicator, it has indicators related to the level of knowledge, awareness, well-being and the health of individuals. The study of multidimensional poverty and the search for the discovery of its static and dynamic relationship with income-based poverty is the subject of this research. The analysis shows that both statically and dynamically, there is a substantial mismatch in the identification of the poor households according to these two... 

In recent decades, many empirical issues have been accomplished about poverty respect to various dimensions of this phenomenon in micro level. At the start, monetary aspect of poverty was measured in uni-dimensional form but more researches result that poverty may be as a result of education level, health condition and other household characteristics; so multidimensional poverty indices were defined.The study employs the fuzzy-Set theoretic framework to compare levels of deprivation like income, housing, acquisition of durable goods, health condition, social security and education in Iran over time (2004, 2006) using micro data  

Because of the importance of the issue of poverty, in this study, we introduce and copute aspects & dimensions of multidimensional poverty index. The object of this thesis is studing the trend of changes in Iranian households’ welfare during the years 2005 through 2015 and recognizing the economic and social poor households’ characteristics. There are two methods that are used to computing MPI (Multidimensional Poverty Index). One of them is standard method that is given unique weight to each dimension, the other one is questionnaire method which is asked poverty experts to set proper weight to each dimension. Knowing how poverty index (income & mpi) changes, can help policy makers to... 

Eliminating poverty, which is one of the most important objectives of countries, requires a deep understanding of the trends and dynamics of poverty and the distinction between chronic and transient poverty. However, given the lack of high-quality panel data, measuring movements in and out of poverty in developing countries is difficult. In this research, we build a synthetic panel by constructing a consumption model and estimating the first-round consumption of households surveyed in the second round. The analysis of Expenditures and Income Survey (HEIS) for 1398 and 1399 shows that almost 29 percent of urban and rural households were poor in both years. In female-headed households,... 

In order to measure poverty, researchers used to consider only the income and the financial aspect of poverty; however, further research has revealed that income in itself cannot be a proper and comprehensive index for measuring poverty, and other factors such as education, health, occupation, personal characteristics, cultural activities, political activities, etc. are also significant in determining the poverty index. Based on the information acquired from "household expenditure-income survey", this study tries to take into account all the factors affecting the poverty index, in four dimensions of economic well-being, capability, political participation and cultural participation. Poverty... 

Inadequate nutrition is perhaps the most important problem facing the poor. Being hungry lowers productivity and decreases individuals’ income. All of these factors conspire to help the poor stay poor. Raising the income of the poor is one solution for this problem if the elasticity of calorie and macronutrients with respect to income is greater than zero. This study employs both nonparametric and parametric methods to obtain the elasticity of per capita calorie and macronutrients with respect to household per capita expenditure. The case presented is for urban areas of Islamic republic of Iran, 2008-2016. Under each estimation strategy we employ, we find a strongly significant and positive... 

In this study, based on Households Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) data, we examined the socio-economic characteristics and transition of Iranian urban households in each of the three different income groups from 1997 to 2020. Moreover, factors affecting entry to poverty or persistence in poverty in Iranian urban households are discussed.The results of this study show that, contrary to popular belief, there is no evidence of accumulation of entrepreneurs and business owners in the urban middle class. Rather, middle-income households have higher-skilled jobs and pay more for social security than low-income ones, as well as pay more attention to investing in human capitals (education and... 

This research aimed to investigate the relationship between household poverty and the gender of the head in the Iranian households. The self-reported gender of the head of household (FHH), underestimates the rate of poverty in female- head households (FHH). The self-reported gender of the head of household considers, conventionally, a family as male-head, even if the man of the family is incapable of making money. In much of these families the wife is the sole income holder even though she is not recognized as the head. In this study, a definition for household headship is introduced, which considers head of household the one who provides more than 50% of household income. Using household’s... 

Empirical finding and evidence asserts that families, in response to income shock, allegedly use their children as income sources and have them to participate in the labor market. By making use of Propensity Score Matching and Heckman Two Steps models and exogenous agricultural income shocks, we examine the hypothesis for the families in the rural areas of Iran. We use the Households' Income and Expenditures Survey of Iran for two consequent years of 1393 (2014) and 1394 (2015). The working sample is restricted to households with children aged between 10-17 years old. Our findings show that the outcome of interest, daily work hours, is not significantly affected by the exogenous shocks of... 

This research uses the new approach of Son (2003) for the decomposition of poverty in Iran into three separate components of growth, inequality and population effects during 2001 to 2007 and meanwhile uses the integration of microeconomic and macroeconomic data together to increase the accuracy of the results. The main question of this research is to determine the orientation of development strategies for alleviation of poverty in Iran, which could be either growth-oriented or inequality-oriented ones. The resultes suggest that the former has always been pro-poor in Iran and has had the most dominant effect. Therefore, in order to decrease the poverty in Iran in the future, there should be...