Sharif Digital Repository

In this paper a new approach to determine the size of defects in rolling element bearings is proposed. This approach is based on the statistical characteristics of the vibration signals generated by rolling element bearings. Although some traditional statistical parameters such as r.m.s. and kurtosis have some diagnostic capabilities, these parameters are not suitable for quantifying the defect size. The proposed new model was validated experimentally for both inner and outer race defects and it is concluded that the newly proposed model can determine the defect length of rolling bearings  

This paper reviews the literature concerning the effectiveness of countermeasures at Highway-Railway Grade Crossings (HRGC). HRGC are considered as the hotspots in railway transportation systems. So far, there has been significant discussion about different types of countermeasure to mitigate the risk of accidents at HRGC. Different approaches have been developed about the effectiveness of the countermeasures including the Before-After and Cross-Sectional. This paper compares all different studies to evaluate the effectiveness of countermeasure in reduction of accident frequency and severity  

The level crossing and inverse statistics analysis of DAX and oil price time series are given. We determine the average frequency of positive-slope crossings, να+, where Tα=1να+ is the average waiting time for observing the level α again. We estimate the probability P(K,α), which provides us the probability of observing K times of the level α with positive slope, in time scale Tα. For analyzed time series, we found that maximum K is about ≈6. We show that by using the level crossing analysis one can estimate how the DAX and oil time series will develop. We carry out the same analysis for the increments of DAX and oil price log-returns (which is known as inverse statistics), and provide the... 

The effect of etching time on the statistical properties of hydrophilic surfaces of SiO2/TiO2/glass nano bilayers has been studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and a stochastic approach based on a level crossing analysis. We have created rough surfaces of the hydrophilic SiO 2/TiO2 nano bilayer system by using 26% potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution. Measuring the average apparent contact angle allowed us to assess the degree of hydrophilicity, and the optimum condition was determined to be 10 min etching time. A level crossing analysis based on AFM images provided deeper insight into the microscopic details of the surface topography. With different etching times, it has been shown... 

Level-crossing (LC) analog-to-digital (A/D) converters can efficiently sample certain classes of signals. An LC A/D converter is a real-time asynchronous system, which encodes the information of an analog signal into a sequence of nonuniformly spaced time instants. In particular, this class of A/D converters uses an asynchronous data conversion approach, which is a power efficient technique. In this study, the authors propose adaptive and multi-level adaptive LC sampling models as alternatives to conventional LC schemes and apply an iterative algorithm to improve the reconstruction quality of LC A/D converters. This simulation results show that multi-level adaptive LC outperforms... 

The authors propose asynchronous level crossing (LC) A/D converters for low redundancy voice sampling. They propose to utilise the family of iterative methods with adaptive thresholding (IMAT) for reconstructing voice from non-uniform LC and adaptive LC (ALC) samples thereby promoting sparsity. The authors modify the basic IMAT algorithm and propose the iterative method with adaptive thresholding for level crossing (IMATLC) algorithm for improved reconstruction performance. To this end, the authors analytically derive the basic IMAT algorithm by applying the gradient descent and gradient projection optimisation techniques to the problem of square error minimisation subjected to sparsity. The... 

This paper discusses the time-varying characteristics of the output signals resulted from Linear Time Variant (LTV) systems using level-crossing properties. These systems, used for generating synthetic records based on a target record, contain two identification processes: 1) amplitude modulating function; and 2) time-varying Impulse Response Function (IRF) parameters. To track the IRF parameters efficiently, the zerocrossing and positive minima/negative maxima cumulative curves are usually utilized as the measures of the instantaneous spectral power. Using spectral moments, analytic relations for zero-crossing and positive minima/negative maxima cumulative count are developed with respect... 

In this research, a combination of the physical model based on Paris law and probability method is proposed for remaining useful life prediction of rolling element bearings. Level crossing is used as a feature that represents a linear relationship with defect size. Considering this linear relationship and using Paris law, a new model has been developed for bearings that follow degradation pattern with two stages. In this pattern, a bearing starts working in the healthy condition. Then it starts slow degradation stage and finally it goes to fast degradation stage until it reaches to the failure threshold. Considering a normal distribution for transition point from the slow degradation to the...