Sharif Digital Repository

An artificial neural network model, using a back-propagation learning algorithm is utilized, to predict the yield stress, elongation, ultimate tension stress, over(R, -) and {divides}ΔR{divides} during hot rolling, cold rolling and annealing of AA3004 aluminum alloy. Input nodes were chosen as the ratio of initial to final thicknesses, reduction, preheating time and temperature, finish rolling temperature and the final annealing temperature. The maximum error for predicted values was 6.35%, the average of absolute relative error was 0.57% and the RMS was 0.00998. It was found that the mechanical properties and anisotropy of AA3004 alloy sheets can be predicted by this approach. © 2006... 

Micro-magnetofluidics offers a promising tool to regulate the drop formation process with versatile applications in engineering and biomedicine. In the present study, on-demand ferrofluid drop generation at a T-junction is investigated utilizing a magnetic pulse. Also, a novel method for ferrofluid droplet formation is introduced using a non-uniform Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) magnetic field. A novel mechanism of drop generation named “beating regime” was seen for the first time in which the ferrofluid moves back and forth before the breakup. The effect of the magnetic induction, continuous phase flow rate, duty cycle, and applied frequency on the generation frequency and drop diameter was... 

Filtrate and solid invasion from drilling fluids are two key sources of formation damage, and can result in formation permeability impairment. Typically, spurt invasion of mud solids causes the evolution of an external mud cake which tends to reduce further solids and filtrate influx. However, uncontrolled spurt and filtrate invasion are detrimental because they reduce the permeability of the formation. Mud composition, formation rock's permeability and porosity, and temperature can influence both spurt and filtrate invasion. The sizes of mud solids relative to the average pore size of a rock are also important in predicting the extent of mud invasion and permeability impairment. In this... 

Evaluation of the reaction force on a tool which is used for exertion of force on biomaterials such as biological cells or soft tissues has applications in virtual reality based medical simulators or haptic tools. In this study, two least square based support vector machine (SVM) models have been constructed to predict the indentation or reaction force on mouse oocyte and embryo cells in cell injection experiment. Inputs of these two models are geometrical parameters of indented cell, namely dimple radius (a), dimple depth (w) and radius of the semicircular curve (R). Experimental data for calibration and prediction of the models have been captured from literatures. The performance of the... 

This paper presents a method to determine the denominator and numerator polynomials of a closed-loop transfer function in order to obtain desired transient and steady-state responses in terms of the overshoot, speed (time needed for the relative error to become less than a specific amount) and the steady-state error when the desired output is a ramp signal. Meanwhile, a controller is designed with the same characteristic equation for the closed-loop system to eliminate step and ramp disturbances  

Short-term interaction between heart rate (HR) and physiological measures like blood pressure and respiration reveals relevant information about autonomic nervous system (ANS) function. Complex mathematical models for describing their couplings have been proposed in the literature. However, an accurate estimation of their parameters in an inverse modeling problem is crucial to extract reliable ANS related indices. This study considers a physiologically-based model of the cardiovascular-respiratory system and ANS control that presents the neural and mechanical effects of respiration separately. The estimation method is evaluated on synthetic signals. An accurate estimation of the... 

Effective delayed neutron fraction βeff and neutron generation time Λare important factors in reactor physics calculation and transient analysis. In first stage of this research, these kinetics parameters have been calculated for two states of Tehran research reactor (TRR), i.e. cold (fuel, clad and coolant temperature 20°C) and hot (fuel, clad and coolant temperature 65, 49 and 44°C, respectively) using MTR-PC code. In second stage, these parameters have been measured with experimental method based on Inhour equation. For cold state, calculated βeff and Λ by MTR-PC are 0.008315 and 30.190 μsec, respectively. Same parameters in hot state are 0.008303 and 33.828 μsec, respectively. The... 

Peridynamics is a nonlocal reformulation of solid mechanics which can reproduce the solution of classical continuum mechanics as its horizon approaches zero. Taking this idea into consideration, we proposed a new coupling approach between meshfree peridynamics and finite element method. An intermediate variable horizon element called “morakkab” is introduced to transfer force and momentum between peridynamic and FEM regions. In the original peridynamic formulation, artificial ghost forces will arise if the horizon varies with position; The creation of these artifacts is avoided by utilizing a modified peridynamic equation of motion based on the concept of co-family. The accuracy of the... 

Three independent elastic constants C 11, C 12, and C 44 were calculated and compared using available potentials of eight different metals with FCC crystal structure; Gold, Silver, Copper, Nickel, Platinum, Palladium, Aluminum and Lead. In order to calculate the elastic constants, the second derivative of the energy density of each system was calculated with respect to different directions of strains. Each set of the elastic constants of the metals in bulk scale was compared with experimental results, and the average relative error was for each was calculated and compared with other available potentials. Then, using the Voigt-Reuss-Hill method, approximated values for Young and shear moduli... 

The Atmospheric Lifetime (ALT) of a compound represents the potential for the atmospheric accumulation of chemicals. Chemicals with a long lifetime are more resistant to natural decomposition and remain in the environment for a longer period. Minimum Ignition Energy (MIE) is one of the most important properties when evaluating hazardous chemicals. Despite the significance of these environment and safety-related properties, currently, there are no group contribution (GC) models that enable their predictive modeling. The present research aims at filling this gap. To this end, experimental data were collected from literature and the GC model parameters were estimated using the weighted... 

Online elemental analysis of irradiated tissues is an important challenge in proton therapy for estimating the depth of the Bragg peak and monitoring the healing process. In the present study, the prompt gamma (PG) spectra of the most abundant elements of human tissues were obtained for two different incident protons of 30 MeV and 120 MeV using the Geant4 toolkit. Train phantoms were defined to study the elemental analysis of the tissue from PG spectra. It was found that the intensities of 7.12 and 3.91 MeV PG depend on the mass of 16O and 20Ca elements for both proton energies, respectively. Furthermore, multi-variable linear functions were presented for overlapping peaks like 4.44 and 2.31... 

The neutron velocity selector is a device used to produce a monochromatic neutron beam with continuous flux. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the sensitivity of the transmission factor and resolution of a multiblade neutron velocity selector to the various parameters using the McStas software. To this end, two instruments were created using the Arm, Progress_bar, Source_simple, DivMonitor, L_monitor, Guide_channeled and V_selector components of the McStas software. The used V_selector component to simulate the multiblade neutron velocity selector was created by considering three assumptions: 1. The absorption of colliding neutrons to selector blades, 2. No interaction of... 

Accurate prediction of static and dynamic response of nano structures under external excitations has been one of the interests of scientists in the last decade. Several applications of nano machines make it necessary to analyze their components, such as nano bearing, precisely. In this paper, the static and vibrational behavior of a fullerene as a sensitive part of nano bearing under external forces is simulated by a newly designed spherical super element. This super element is designed in such a way that the user can select as many numbers of nodes as desired, so that it can be implemented in different desired precisions. In this study, a 228-node super element, which is similar to a hollow... 

In this paper Time Splitting Projection Method (TSPM) has been implemented to model transient flow in a deformable pipe. In addition a quasi-steady model and the Brunone unsteady model have been incorporated into the algorithm to consider the effect of static and dynamic friction on the shape and attenuation of pressure waves. The deformation of the cross section of the pipe due to the change of pressure has been considered using Hooke's Law of elasticity. Numerical results of the model have been compared with a simple analytical test and results of experimental measurements for water hammer problem with different Reynolds numbers in a simple pipeline system; besides, numerical stability... 

The objective of this work is making comparison between thermodynamic models and data-driven techniques accuracy in prediction of hydrate formation pressure as a function of temperature and composition of gas mixtures. The Peng-Robinson (PR) and Patel-Teja (PT) equations of state are used for thermodynamic modeling and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) are used as data-driven models. The capability of each method is evaluated by comparison with the experimental data collected from literature. It is shown that there is a good agreement between thermodynamic modeling and the experimental data in most of the cases; however, the prediction... 

In this study, a set of constitutive equation corrected for deformation heating is proposed for a near equiatomic NiTi shape memory alloy using isothermal hot compression tests in temperature range of 700 to 1000 °C and strain rate of 0.001 to 1 s -1. In order to determine the temperature rise due to deformation heating, Abaqus simulation was employed and varied thermal properties were considered in the simulation. The results of hot compression tests showed that at low pre-set temperatures and high strain rates the flow curves exhibit a softening, while after correction of deformation heating the softening is vanished. Using the corrected flow curves, the power-law constitutive equation of... 

Stepped spillways have been widely used in Roller Compacted Concrete (RCC) dams in the recent decades. Considering complexity of hydraulics of stepped chutes, their initial design involves pre-selection of some empirical formulae for calculation of flow characteristics and design parameters. In this paper, accuracy of several empirical formulae, proposed for calculating locations of aeration inception (LI), uniform flow (Lu) and rate of energy dissipation (ΔH/Hmax), were compared in relation to results of physical model tests of four stepped spillways and the preferred formulae, providing least amounts of relative errors, were identified. Such a feedback will be helpful for improvement of... 

Friction stir welding (FSW) is a relatively new solid-state joining technique that is widely adopted in manufacturing and industry fields to join different metallic alloys that are hard to weld by conventional fusion welding. Friction stir welding is a very complex process comprising several highly coupled physical phenomena. The complex geometry of some kinds of joints makes it difficult to develop an overall governing equations system for theoretical behavior analyse of the friction stir welded joints. Weld quality is predominantly affected by welding effective parameters, and the experiments are often time consuming and costly. On the other hand, employing artificial intelligence (AI)... 

Comparative studies between response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) methods to find the effects of electrospinning parameters on the porosity of nanofiber mats is described. The four important electrospinning parameters studied included solution concentration (wt.%), applied voltage (kV), spinning distance (cm) and volume flow rate (mL/h). It was found that the applied voltage and solution concentration are the two critical parameters affecting the porosity of the nanofiber mats. The two approaches were compared for their modeling and optimization capabilities with the modeling capability of RSM showing superiority over ANN, having comparatively lower values of... 

In this paper, nano/microstructured-conducting polypyrrole has been prepared on Cu/Au interdigital electrode surfaces by using constant potential amperometry technique. The Fe(II) ions were used as catalyst and X = ClO4 -, pTs-, Cl-, TCA-, DS-, DBS- was implemented as anion dopants. The morphologies of the films were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscope. A remarkable dependence was observed between the type of anion dopant and the morphology of polypyrrole (PPy). The sensing behavior of the PPy-X sensor has been studied toward acetone, methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, nitromethane, propylamine, pyridine, and gas mixtures of aliphatic alcohols. The responses...