Sharif Digital Repository

In this work, a new approach is described for the calculation of the relaxation time and magnetic anisotropy energy of magnetic nanoparticles. Ferrofluids containing monodispersed magnetite nanoparticles were synthesized via hydrothermal method and then heated using the 10 kA/m external AC magnetic fields in three different frequencies: 10, 50 and 100 kHz. By measuring the temperature variations during the application of the magnetic field, the total magnetic time constant including both Brownian and Neel relaxation times can be calculated. By measuring the magnetic core size and hydrodynamic size of particles, the magnetic anisotropy can be calculated too. Synthesized ferrofluids were... 

Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanomaterials are widely used as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents (CAs). These CAs significantly shorten transverse relaxation time (T2) and so decrease the intensity of the T2-weighted MRI (negative contrast imaging). However, the partial-volume effect is known to be one of the problems in negative contrast MRI. In this work, SPIO nanoparticles were modified by dextran and graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets to achieve a positive contrast MRI with high intensity. This modification resulted in shortening the longitudinal relaxation time (T1) of the SPIO nanoparticles (in addition to the T2 shortening).... 

In this research purely oscillation fluid flow in two microtubes 150 and 250 μM(3.5 mm length) is studied using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) approach and utilizing a new experimental setup developed for dynamic interfacial tension measurement (capillary pressure technique) in the frequency range between 0.2 and 80 Hz. The experiments are done with pure water at a mean temperature of about 25 °C. The results of oscillatory conditions for microtubes of 0.5 mm in diameter have been compared with experimental results for several frequencies. The computational approach was validated by comparison with experimental data of the continuous constant flow through microtubes and also with... 

Due to superior accuracy and stability of multiple relaxation time (MRT) collision operator over its single relaxation time (SRT) counterpart, new lifting relations are proposed here to construct single particle distribution functions for MRT-LBM from macroscopic variables. Using these lifting relations, a new hybrid FVM-LB method is presented (called Finite type-LB hybrid method), which is consistent with MRT-LBM. In this new hybrid method, single-particle distribution functions in MRT-LBM sub-domain boundaries are computed, using equilibrium and non-equilibrium moments. These moments are computed in Navier-Stokes/FVM sub-domain boundaries, using macroscopic variables and their derivatives.... 

In this research, the effect of using nanoparticles on the Nusselt number in the natural convection at high Rayleigh numbers has been investigated. A two-component multiple relaxation times lattice Boltzmann code has been developed to investigate the natural convection of nanofluids in a 2D square enclosure. Three main forces, namely, buoyancy, drag, and Brownian forces are included to consider the interactions of the components. The potential force is also added to the model for the interactions among nanoparticles. The effects of Ra number, volume fraction of nanoparticles (ϕ), and size of nanoparticles (λ) have been investigated for two nanofluids (CuO-water and TiO2-water). Five... 

Hybrid FVM-LBM schemes are developed in the past few years to use capabilities of both Navier-Stokes based finite volume method (FVM) and lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) to solve macro-meso multiscale problems. In this scheme, the major task is to develop some lifting relations that reconstruct distribution functions in LBM sub-domain from macroscopic variables and their derivatives. The macroscopic variables are computed using Navier-Stokes based FVM in macroscale sub-domain, while distribution functions are computed using LBM in mesoscale sub-domain. The pioneer works in this area used the single relaxation time (SRT) version of LBM. However, it is known that the numerical stability and... 

The effect of bulging of domain wall (DW) on the magnetoresistance (MR) is investigated. With taking into account the auto-correlation between the points of the interface, one can formulate the mobility within the relaxation time approximation scheme. The results show that the bulging of DW, evaluated with the commonly accepted magnetic parameters for typical ferromagnetic materials of Co, Fe and Ni, has a countable role into the MR  

This paper considers multi-biasing conditions for graphene patterns in multi-layer structures. The term “Multi Bias” is introduced as a different bias for parts of a single graphene layer in shape of disks. This technique is developed to control device behavior versus THz radiation. Exploiting the multi-bias configuration, a unique structure acts as both narrowband absorber and wideband reflector. This feature can pave the way to realize complex THz sensors, detectors, and optical systems. Also, the proposed structure is modeled using circuit modeling by considering the multi bias effects. Accuracy of the circuit model is validated via the finite element method which exhibits less than 1%... 

In this paper, the Immersed Moving Boundary-Lattice Boltzmann (IMB-LB) method is compared with the single relaxation time and multiple-relaxation-time versions of the Immersed Boundary-Lattice Boltzmann (IB-LB) method in terms of the amount of numerical velocity slip produced on solid boundaries. The comparisons are performed for both straight and curved boundaries based on the effects of thickness of virtual domain used in the IB method for the first time, and relaxation time parameter(s) of the LB method. For the straight boundaries, a shear flow problem is studied while for the curved boundaries, a falling circular cylinder in an infinite channel is investigated. First, sensitivities of... 

This study reports on the simulation of temperature distribution of human tooth under a laser beam based on non-Fourier models. The temperature in the tooth depth that directly results from the conduction heat transfer process is caused by the lengthy thermal relaxation time in the tooth layers. A detailed tooth composed of enamel, dentin, and pulp with unstructured shape, uneven boundaries, and realistic thicknesses was considered. A finite difference scheme was separately adopted to solve time-dependent equations in solid layers and soft tissue of the tooth. In this study, a dual-phase-lag non-Fourier heat conduction model was applied to evaluate temperature distribution induced by laser... 

This paper deals with computational and experimental studies on the oscillatory flow at high frequencies up to 100. Hz performed with the Oscillating Drop and Bubble Analyzer (ODBA) setup based on the capillary pressure technique. The CFD results are validated considering pressure amplitude experimental data. The simulated results of phase shift between the generated oscillatory flow and the consequent pressure amplitudes show also good agreement with the experimental data. In absence of any compressibility and viscoelasticity effects and assumptions, a complex velocity field during oscillation is the main reason for the observation of a phase shift. The results of velocity profiles at the... 

A three-dimensional visco-hyperelastic constitutive model is developed to describe the rate-dependent behavior of rubber-like materials at large deformations. The model encompasses a hyperelastic part which uses the "Exp-Ln" strain energy function to characterize the equilibrium response and a viscous part capturing the rate sensitivity using a hereditary integral form which links the overstress to the history of stored strain energy. A physically consistent rate-dependent relaxation time scheme is introduced which reduces the number of required material parameters and also facilitates the calibration process. The proposed model is verified using various uniaxial experimental data in... 

A size-dependent, explicit formulation for coupled thermoelasticity addressing a Timoshenko microbeam is derived in this study. This novel model combines modified couple stresses and non-Fourier heat conduction to capture size effects in the microscale. To this purpose, a length-scale parameter as square root of the ratio of curvature modulus to shear modulus and a thermal relaxation time as the phase lag of heat flux vector are considered for predicting the thermomechanical behavior in a microscale device accurately. Governing equations and boundary conditions of motion are obtained simultaneously through variational formulation based on Hamilton's principle. As for case study, the model is... 

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to present a comprehensive hydrothermal analysis on an inclined mini-channel using numerical and experimental techniques. The fin array acts as heat source within the channel, and a wavy wall located at the top of the channel is heat sink. The side walls are insulated with curved profiles. Also, the channel is inclined with four known inclination angles. To solve the governing equations, the dual-multi-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann method with D2Q9 and D2Q5 lattice models for flow and temperature fields is used, respectively. Also, the channel is filled with SiO2-glycol nanofluid. Design/methodology/approach: Identifying the behavior of a thermal...