Sharif Digital Repository

Background: In recent years, Advanced Driving Assistance Systems (ADAS) have been significantly progressed, opening novel horizons in reducing traffic accidents. Driver gender can be an affecting factor in the utilization of these systems. The purpose of this study is to review articles examining the effect of gender on the use of ADAS technologies. Methods: This systematic review was conducted in Scopus, Science Direct and PubMed databases using defined key-words in 2018. The retrieved articles were managed and screened through PRISMA-P protocol using EndNote X7 software. The extracted variables were divided into three categories of reaction, behavior, and outcome and also the relevant... 

There are different well-established strategies for making a process plant inherently safer. The benefits of applying these strategies on reducing the overall risk inside a plant are obvious. However, some of these changes are rejected many times because they appear to be too costly. But if the effects of applying inherently safer design strategies are investigated not only on the processing costs of a plant but also on the potential accident costs, the decision would in fact be different. In this paper an optimization procedure is proposed which integrates both processing and accident costs for different design schemes. In this procedure, some of the design variables are chosen with regard... 

There are different well-established strategies for making a process plant inherently safer. The benefits of applying these strategies on reducing the overall risk inside a plant are obvious. However, some of these changes are rejected many times because they appear to be too costly. But if the effects of applying inherently safer design strategies are investigated not only on the processing costs of a plant but also on the potential accident costs, the decision would in fact be different. In this paper an optimization procedure is proposed which integrates both processing and accident costs for different design schemes. In this procedure, some of the design variables are chosen with regard... 

This research investigates a three dimensional parametric risk assessment model considering the 3rd factor to be the impact on business. In order to represent the 3rd order risk assessment matrix monitoring the impact of safety reports on the continuous economical performance of the airline, the other two factors, probability of safety and severity are redefined. Introducing two quantitative and qualitative assessment methodologies, the overall risk of the organization can be studied by means of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). providing an adequate background to define the safety goals of the organization  

In recent years, researchers have paid particular attention to safety, air pollution, and energy consumption, which are all affected by vehicle type. The primary objective of this study is to achieve a thorough understanding of the relationships of transportation attitudes, safety attitudes, personality, and lifestyle with vehicle type for the first time in Iran, as a developing country. For this purpose, an interview questionnaire was designed, and 740 participants were interviewed in Tehran. Vehicle types are categorized into seven groups: mini, compact, medium, heavy, Sport Utility Vehicle (SUV), pickup, and motorcycle. In the first stage, factor analysis was employed to identify the... 

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) measures the relative efficiency of a homogenous set of decision-making units (DMUs) when multiple inputs and outputs are present. The DEA-based Malmquist productivity index measuring the productivity change of DMUs over time has proven itself to be a valid tool to compare group performance. However, in the previous models developed for this purpose, it was supposed that all factors were controllable or discretionary. It is noteworthy that in most real cases, there are some inputs and outputs that are non-discretionary or semi-discretionary. Therefore, the main objective of the present study was to develop the DEA-based Malmquist productivity index on such... 

Passenger Vehicle Type Choice (PVTC) has an undeniable impact on crash severity and costs. To estimate that, one must carefully consider subjective factors as well as objective ones. Ignoring the role of subjective variables can cause bias in the estimation of the effective variables' coefficients. The present paper investigates the impact of safety attitude, transportation attitude, and lifestyle on PVTC in a bi-level structure. To do so, we used the data from 633 face-to-face interviews conducted in Iran. The passenger vehicles investigated in this study are divided into five categories according to their weight and safety performance: mini, compact, medium, large, and sport utility... 

Designing an intelligent controller for landing phase of a jet transport aircraft in presence of different wind patterns, in order to expand the flight safety envelope has been considered. There are some dangerous conditions like gusts and downbursts which may occur rarely in service life of aircraft, though, aircraft must be tested for these dangerous conditions. Then it is desired to design a controller that not only acts well in usual conditions but also has an acceptable performance in those hazardous conditions. Four different types of controllers have been designed named PID, Neuro, hybrid Neuro-PID and Anfis-PID (Adaptive Network-based Fuzzy Inference System) controllers. Simulation... 

Design for Human Safety (DfHS) is an approach to integrate knowledge of human safety in the design process. DfHS is multi-disciplinary in its nature, requiring many kinds of information and knowledge. Number of DfHS studies tried to apply Axiomatic Design (AD) to achieve their aims. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on application of AD in DfHS in manufacturing systems and to propose a roadmap for future DfHS works. This paper examines the number and type of publications dealing with this context. The review covers papers published between 1990 (when AD was introduced first) and 2017. It is based on a range of combinations of the following keywords: "Axiomatic design" and... 

The flexibility of software-based fault tolerant approaches in providing the required level of reliability Commer-cial-Off-The Shelf (COTS) devices made them the first choice in designing safety-critical systems. In this paper, we propose a reliability improvement method for COTS-based systems, so-called, RI-COTS. The main idea behind RI-COTS is to establish a tradeoff between reliability and performance of COTS system through controlling redundant execution at instruction level. RI-COTS is implemented on LEON2 processor VHDL model. Our simulation results show that comparing with the most related studies, RI-COTS can improve the fault detection capability by 20% with only 4% performance... 

Stabilization of slopes is considered as the aim of the several geotechnical applications such as embankment, tunnel, highway, building and railway and dam. Therefore, evaluation and precise prediction of the factor of safety (FoS) of slopes can be useful in designing these important structures. This research is carried out to evaluate the ability of Monte Carlo (MC) technique for the forecasting the FoS of many homogenous slopes in the static condition. Moreover, the sensitivity of the FoS on the effective parameters was identified. To do this, the most important factors on FoS, such as angle of internal friction (Formula presented.), slope angle (Formula presented.) and cohesion (Formula... 

Stabilization of slopes is considered as the aim of the several geotechnical applications such as embankment, tunnel, highway, building and railway and dam. Therefore, evaluation and precise prediction of the factor of safety (FoS) of slopes can be useful in designing these important structures. This research is carried out to evaluate the ability of Monte Carlo (MC) technique for the forecasting the FoS of many homogenous slopes in the static condition. Moreover, the sensitivity of the FoS on the effective parameters was identified. To do this, the most important factors on FoS, such as angle of internal friction (∅) , slope angle (α) and cohesion (C) were investigated and used as the... 

The ultimate goal of new food packaging technologies, in addition to maintaining the quality and safety of food for the consumer, is to consider environmental concerns and reduce its impacts. In this regard, one of the solutions is to use eco-friendly biopolymers instead of conventional petroleum-based polymers. However, the challenges of using biopolymers in the food packaging industry should be carefully evaluated, and techniques to eliminate or minimize their disadvantages should be investigated. Many studies have been conducted to improve the properties of biopolymer-based packaging materials to produce a favorable product for the food industry. This article reviews the structure of... 

Urban air quality is a major concern throughout the world. The concentration of human activities in a relatively small area puts enormous pressure on urban systems and has led to numerous environmental problems which have created major problems for urban air quality management. The complex nature of air pollution, especially with respect to health impacts in urban areas, has prompted attempts to define the so-called indicators that condense and simplify the available monitoring data to make them suitable for public reporting and decision makers. Several concepts and indicators exist to measure and rank urban areas in terms of their infrastructural, socioeconomic and environment-related... 

We test a copula-based joint discrete–continuous model to unravel mode choice and travel distance decisions in a joint framework for school trips. This framework explicitly accounts for common unobserved factors that may affect both the mode choice and travel distance. Joint estimation of the models makes a significant difference in the effect of travel distance on willingness to walk to school. The absolute value of the travel distance coefficient in the mode choice model increases by 22% when a joint formulation is adopted instead of the conventional single estimations. We find a significant decrease of 19% in the coefficient of travel safety perception in the joint mode choice model... 

[No abstract available]  

FlexRay communication protocol is expected to become the de-facto standard for distributed safety-critical systems. This paper classifies the effects of transient single bit-flip fault injections into the FlexRay communication controller. In this protocol, when an injected fault is activated, this may result in one or more error types, i.e.: Boundary violation, Conflict, Content, Freeze, Synchronization, Syntax, and Invalid frame. To study the activated faults, a FlexRay bus network, composed of four nodes, was modeled by Verilog HDL; and a total of 135,600 transient faults was injected in only one node, called the target node. The results show that only 9,342 of the faults (about 6.9%) were...