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With regard to recent progress in decreasing of operating temperature of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC), metallic interconnect use widely than ceramic interconnect. Metallic interconnect have interested due to their low cost, easy fabrication and high electronic and thermal conductivity.oxidation resistance of metals is big challenge, because of low conductivity of formed oxide layers that led to increasing of electrical conductivity. Ferritic stainless steel is among the most thriving candidate alloy because of BCC structure that its coefficient of temperature expansion is close to that of other SOFC. Nonetheless, the increase of electrical resistance over the time and the evaporation of... 

Nowadays, too much attention has been paid to Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC). One of the key components in SOFC is interconnect which plays an important role in SOFC performance. Interconnect can be either a metallic or ceramic layer that sits between each individual cell. The reduction in operating temperature of SOFC resulted in interests in using metallic interconnectors. However, the oxidation of these metallic materials is big challenge. Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni) and Iron (Fe) alloys have been employed to overcome this deficiency. However, these alloys bring another difficulty which is the presence of active elements such as Cr which reduces the performance of interconnects by forming... 

The application of fuel cell systems as sources of clean energy production is common. Control, performance optimization, design, manufacturing and the operation management are considered as significant research interest of the fuel cell in academic circles. A major problem, at least in the advanced model-based control, is the slowness of solving the nonlinear multi-scale model (time). One option would be using the black-box neuro-fuzzy models. Then if the predictive controller is used for this distributed system, calling the output of neuro-fuzzy model allocated a negligibility proportion in time of calculations during the optimization. In this project, the data generated by a dynamic... 

Because of the high operating temperature, interconnect surface tends to be oxidized and Cr2O3 oxide layer will be created on the surface. This phenomenon is undesirable due to decreasing electrical conductivity, so a preservative coating is needed to improve the interconnect properties. In this paper, a dense perovskite thin film was successfully synthesized on a ferritic stainless steel (type 430) substrate by a sol-gel dip coating method. This coating improved chemical stability, oxidation behavior of the substrate and decreased cathode poisoning. The lanthanum chromite was coated on the substrate by sol-gel dip coating process. First, during a hydrolyze process, a stable sol was made up... 

In this thesis, a reduced model of a distributed one-dimensional Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) system is presented. Consequently the reduced model is used to estimate the states of the exact model. The reduced model is derived using the exact solution of the distributed model and implementing the Karhunen-Loève-Galerkin procedure. To achieve an exact solution of the distributed model, method of lines is used. In the method of lines, accuracy of the solution depends on the number of grid points. To increase the accuracy, the number of grid points should be increased which will lead to a high order dynamic model. Such a model is not suitable for state estimation, optimization or control... 

In order to prevent deterioration of metallic interconnects in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), while interacting with glass-ceramic sealant, a nickel electroplated ferritic stainless steel (UNS 430) was used. After applying a layer of powdered glass (SiO2-B2O3-Al2O3-Na2O-BaO-K2O) with thickness around 300-450 μm on the ferritic stainless steel sheets with dimansion of 0.5 × 60 × 60 mm and 0.5 × 10 × 10 mm, samples were heated at temperatures between 770-850 °C and durations of 1 to 15 hours. To evaluate the effect of the Ni layer, two types of sample (only sanded and only electropolished) were also submitted to the same process, and their results were compared with the coated samples. XRF,... 

Due to recent progresses in lowering the temperature of SOFC, using metallic interconnects instead of ceramic interconnects was possible. Among the alloys used for interconnects, ferritic stainless steels (FSS) due to thermal expansion coefficient compatible with other cell components and cheap fabrication, have become the most widely used material for interconnects. Because of improvement of oxidation resistance of these FSSs, many studies have been made on coating of oxides on FSSs and results show that the spinel oxides have the best performance. In this study, the CuCo2O4 performance as coating in SOFC's interconnects was investigated. Coating process used was sol-gel dip coating and raw... 

Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is one of the promising candidates for clean energy production. Due to the high operating temperature of SOFC, a protective coating is commonly applied on the surface of interconnects to prevent oxidation. In this study, electrophoretic deposition was employed to prepare a manganese-cobalt spinel coating on the surface of ferritic stainless steel (AISISAE430) substrates. MnCo2O4 powder with an average particle size of 60 nm was utilized and the sintering behavior of the coatings at different temperatures was studied. Non-isothermal and isothermal sintering behavior of the powder compacts were examined by employing a sensitive dilatometer. Master sintering curve... 

Interconnects in SOFC’s has oxidation problems which is Because of high temperature operation. Also Cr migration to cathode make chroumiom poisoning problems and all of this affects SOFC’s efficiency. To solve this problem researchers decided to use some protective coating on interconnect. The best group of coatings is Mn-Co Spinels. In this thesis (Mn,Co)3O4 spinels was synthesized via solid state reaction. MC reffered to Mn1.5Co1.5O4 was calcined at 850°C and then sintered at 1200°C. It’s electrical conductivity measured by 4-point probe DC method. It had the lowest ASR (17mΩ.cm2) among other stochiometries. To reduce the sintering temperature, Cu and Y was added as dopants. Among the... 

Solid oxide fuel cells are used to convert solid-state energy to direct electrical current by electrochemistry mixing a gas fuel and an oxidant in an oxide electrolyte. One of the most interesting aspects of this field for the researchers is the reaction between the metal interconnect and the glass sealant. In the current research, deposition of the YSZ coating onto the metal interconnect in order to impede the reaction with glass sealant and prohibition of its oxidation in oxidizing/reducing environment in high temperature, was mainly investigated. Effect of applying YSZ Thin layer in the intersection of Crofer steel and glass sealant on strength and chemical durability of these two... 

The advent of maturing fuel cell technologies presents an opportunity to achieve significant improvements in energy conversion efficiencies at different scales and environmental conservation simultaneously. This work deals with modeling, simulation and control of planar solid oxide fuel cell with internal reformer. The presented model is based on conservation laws (mass, energy, and momentum), besides an electrochemical model with all sorts of voltage losses (ohmic losses, activation overpotentials, and concentration overpotentials). Methane steam reforming, water-gas shift reaction, and hydrogen oxidation are the main reactions in this modeling scheme. The obtained governing equations lead... 

In this project, multi objective optimization (MOO) approach is used to optimize the SOFC/MGT integrated system performance in two strategies. In order to improve the performance and increase of Micro Gas Turbine (MGT) efficiency, it can be combined with Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) which it has high operating temperature.The multi-objective optimisation method used allows to generate Pareto curves that represent the trade-off between conflicting thermo-economic objectives of SOFC/MGT integrated system, like, electrical efficiency, output power and electricity cost. The results of the thermo-economic optimization offer a basis for decision making and engineering improvement. SOFC capacity... 

Nowadays, one of the most important research goals is to develop intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFC) operated at 500–800 °C. However, the large cathode polarization resistance caused by the reduced temperature is a major barrier against such an urgent demand for commercialization. In this regard, it is necessary to select a proper material as a cathode working efficiently at reduced temperatures without losing its desired performance. Various mixed ionic electron conductors (MIECs), especially Ruddlesden–Popper-type oxides, are used to improve the cathode performance at intermediate temperatures. Among these layered oxides, Pr2NiO4 has been reported to possess the... 

this is one of the most widely used is the weighted residual method. The advantages of this method is likely to reach an appropriate solution is (in this project collocation method for solving systems of differential equations is used). After solving steady-state model with the lowest number of variables come to turn the control measures, including non-linear design of a Kalman Filter incentives that could be the orthogonal modulation system (which requires less computational time and good accuracy) as a representative of the system in the state estimation, optimization and control system used. In the end, offering a range of control methods such as multivariate linear and nonlinear... 

Integrated SOFC plants, because of the high efficiency and optimum energy consumption, are important processes that have many applications. According to the importance of these plants, their optimum operability and favorable operations are also very important. One of the ways to optimize the process performance is the suitable selection of the control structures. The objective of this project is to analyze the operability or inherent controllability of integrated SOFC plants in the absence of any controller. In this work, the controllability of the process have been investigated with using the output controllability index and the other indexes such as relative gain array, singular value and... 

Fuel cells are considered as one of the most promising for production of efficient and low-polluting electrical power. Hence, they can be a suitable alternative for fossil fuel sources. The solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is a direct conversion process, which works at high operating temperature (about 1000 °C). This high operating temperature makes them suitable for combining with gas turbines to achieve high overall fuel and power efficiency. A hybrid comportment consisting of an SOFC and a turbine (GT) is a multivariable nonlinear and strongly coupled system. On the other hand, total power generation in these systems which is a principal parameter should not be so sensitive to operating... 

Because of the high operating temperature, interconnect surface tends to be oxidized and Cr2O3 oxide layer will be created on the surface. This phenomenon is undesirable due to decreasing electrical conductivity, so a preservative coating is needed to improve the interconnect properties. In this paper, a dense spinel thin film was successfully synthesized on a ferritic stainless steel (type 430) substrate by a sol-gel dip coating method. This coating improved chemical stability, oxidation behavior of the substrate and decreased cathode poisoning. The Nickel-Cobalt spinel was coated on the substrate by sol-gel coating process. First, during a hydrolyze process, a stable sol was made up from... 

High efficiency and low-emission fuel cells have the capacity to replace fossil fuels for energy supply concerns. Solid oxide fuel cells operate in relatively high temperature and have power plant applications. Hence, they are acquainted to be coupled with cycle gas turbine to reduce the cost and increase the overall system efficiency. The control of these hybrid systems is so important. Due to the system nonlinearity and having more than one controlled variable, its control with classic methods would be difficult. The model based predictive control is used as an alternative to mitigate these difficulties. In addition to their high performance, their extension to the multivariate case would...