Sharif Digital Repository

The present study tries to investigate the impact of different speed limits value in the severity of accidents. For this reason, head-on accidents on rural roads have been investigated. Speed limitations in different types of rural roads including inter-state rural arterials, major rural arterials, minor rural arterials, rural main collectors, rural minor collectors, rural local roads or streets in two cases, two-lane and four-lane roadways will be examined individually. The artificial neural network is trained based on the severity of the injuries of drivers of both vehicles involved in head-on accidents. The descriptive variables used in addition to the speed limit include age and gender... 

Conventional ships have been used for many years with usual body forms. But recent developments in high speed crafts have created many different alternatives. Therefore the selection of hull type becomes an important issue in the preliminary design stage. This selection should be based on performance comparisons and also other parameters such as building costs. Since planing monohulls and catamarans are very popular types of high speed crafts, in this paper their behaviors from resistance at high speeds are compared. The results may prove useful for designers at conceptual or preliminary design stages. © Shiraz University  

In this paper, the rotation of a two-stage turbine rotor is studied. The goal of this article is to present a practical understanding of terminology and behavior based in visualizing how a shaft vibrates, and examining issues that affect vibration. Analytical solutions to predict critical speeds are developed with the aid of the Lagrange method and the Modal analysis. Results are given in tables and diagrams. The matrix solution showed that the critical speeds change as the rotating speed of the shaft increases. It was inferred from the results that even new critical speeds could be generated. Due to the gyroscopic effects, the rotor undergoes some precession which is indicated by the... 

Interaction of freestream disturbances with high-speed inviscid flow over a blunt nose is simulated utilizing a shock-fitted spectral collocation method. The unsteady flow computations are made through solving the 2D Euler equations by virtue of such a dissipation-free numerical algorithm for precise unsteady flow simulations. A shock-fitting technique is employed to accurately compute the unsteady shock motions and its interaction with monochromatic freestream disturbances of different conditions. A symmetry condition is proposed to accurately model the both steady and unsteady characters of the symmetry boundary, which allows the use of halved geometries and avoids the extra computational... 

Experimental work was carried out to investigate the influence of impeller speed, granulation time, binder mass and their interactions on granule size distribution, mean size and binder content distribution in a conical high shear granulator. It was observed that the response of high shear granulation to changes in process parameters varies significantly from one operating condition to another. For all quantities of binder, the granule mean size increased with time at lower impeller speeds, while the opposite trend was observed at higher impeller velocities. For long mixing times, increasing impeller speed decreased the granule average size constantly; whereas for other durations, an... 

One of the main challenges for engineers in designing high-speed crafts is the evaluation of hydrodynamic loads during the impact of hull to wave’s surface. This paper presents an experimental investigation on the pressure distribution on three wedge-sections with 15°, 20° and 30° deadrise during water-entry. Assessment of pressure distribution on the effects of parameters such as drop heights, deadrise angles and the weights of the models had done. Time histories of impact pressure were recorded. It was showed that, the maximum pressure for 20° wedge had increased 2.4 times in comparison with 30° wedge while this number is 1.23 time for the 15° wedge. But the effects of weight and drop... 

Travel speeds between 25–300 mm/min and tool rotational speeds of 800 and 1250 rpm were employed for this study. The microstructure, mechanical properties and fracture surfaces of the joints were studied. Underwater environment and an increase in travel speed significantly increase the precipitates’ volume fraction, reduce the average grain and precipitate sizes of the weld nugget zones. A critical travel speed of 150 mm/min is attained in underwater welds beyond which the average grain sizes remain relatively the same. Average grain and precipitate sizes have linear relationships with the tool rotational and travel speed ratio. Optimum weld strengths of 396 and 360 MPa were obtained in the... 

The optimum condition for the reactive gas-assisted Nd:YAG laser cuttings is described in this article. The cut kerf width is investigated for a laser power range of 50-170 W and a gas pressure of 1-6 bar for steel and mild steel materials. Variation of sample thickness, material type, gas pressure and the laser power on the cut width and slot quality are considered in this study. An overall 338 experiments at different experimental conditions are performed and the kerf results are compared. Optimum conditions for the steel and mild steel materials with a thickness range of 1-2 mm are obtained. The optimum condition for the steel cutting results in a minimum kerf width of 0.2 mm at a laser... 

The purpose of this paper is to study and identify suitable outflow boundary conditions for the numerical simulation of viscous supersonic/hypersonic flow over blunt bodies, governed by the compressible Navier-Stokes equations, with an emphasis motivated primarily by the use of spectral methods without any filtering. The subsonic/supersonic composition of the outflow boundary requires a dual boundary treatment for well-posedness. All compatibility relations, modified to undertake the hyperbolic/parabolic behaviour of the governing equations, are used for the supersonic part of the outflow. Regarding the unknown downstream information in the subsonic region, different subsonic outflow... 

This article presents a method for fast fault injection into switch-level circuits using FPGA chips. In this method, gates model switch-level circuits and we can emulate mixed gate-switch-level models. By the use of this method, FPGA chips can be used to accelerate the fault-injection campaigns into switch-level models. The approach has been evaluated experimentally by injecting a set of faults into a pipelined RISC processor. The experimental results show that significant speed-ups with respect to fully simulation-based fault-injection methods can be achieved. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved  

The ride comfort of high-speed trains passing over railway bridges is studied in this paper. The effects of some nonlinear parameters in a carriage-track-bridge system are investigated such as the load-stiffening characteristics of the rail-pad and the ballast, rubber elements in the primary and secondary suspension systems. The influence of the track irregularity and train speed on two comfort indicators, namely Sperling's comfort index and the maximum acceleration level, are also studied. Timoshenko beam theory is used for modelling the rail and bridge and two layers of parallel damped springs in conjunction with a layer of mass are used to model the rail-pads, sleepers and ballast. A... 

This work studies the nonlinear oscillations of an elastic rotating shaft with acceleration to pass through the critical speeds. A mathematical model incorporating the Von-Karman higher-order deformations in bending is developed and analyzed to investigate the nonlinear dynamics of rotors. A flexible shaft on flexible bearings with springs and dampers is considered as rotor system for the present work. The shaft is modeled as a beam with a circular cross-section and the Euler Bernoulli beam theory is applied. The kinetic and strain energies of the rotor system are derived and Lagrange method is then applied to obtain the coupled nonlinear differential equations of motion for 6° of freedom.... 

This comment concerns the mathematical errors in the recent work of Wang et al. (2016). The corrected equations are presented. Deflections and critical values of compressive force and forward speed are modified. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd  

The noise emission level associated with two types of speed reducers has been investigated numerically and experimentally for different dimensions and different speeds of vehicle (20, 40 and 60 km/h) and zero acceleration. Numerical analysis has been performed using an FEM method in the ANSYS environment. The experiments show that for a bump of height 0.04 m, the peak noise level is increased by between 1 and 14 dB (A) whereas, for bump of height 0.055 m, the peak noise level increases by between 1 and 19 dB (A). There is an excellent agreement between the numerical and experimental results. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved  

Aerodynamically alleviated marine vehicle (AAMV) is a high speed craft equipped with aerodynamic surfaces that operating in ground effect zone provides this craft with the ability to achieve much higher cruising speeds. Reducing the take-off mode of an AAMV is highly desirable. Additionally, it is seen where there is a considerable reserve thrust take-off can occur in the lower get-away speeds that shorten the take-off run and, therefore, is favourable. Accordingly, in this study an attempt has been made to develop a nonlinear mathematical model for an AAMV to simulate accelerations in take-off and landing phases, using semi-empirical equations mainly proposed for mono-hull high-speed craft,... 

High speed machine tools are required to operate in a wide range of spindle rotational speeds with high stiffness and high accuracy. The stiffness of the spindle is largely dependent on the axial preload of the angular contact bearings. A large preload is required at lower range of speeds to provide sufficient stiffness for vibration-free heavy cutting. However, at higher speeds, it results in rapid temperature rise and reduces the life of the bearing. For optimum performance, it is essential that the bearing preload is reduced as the rotational speed increases. In this paper, an automatic variable preload system is proposed that changes the preload on the bearings as a function of... 

In this study, microstructural changes and mechanical properties during friction stir welding of AA7075-T6 have been investigated. Friction stir welding at relatively high rotational speeds ranging from 1000 to 1400 rpm and longitudinal speeds in the range of 40 to 80 mm/min have been performed and then microstructures and mechanical properties of the weldments have been studied. The results show that the rotational and longitudinal speeds have a significant effect on the microstructures as well as the mechanical behavior of the welded material while a fine grain structure is produced at higher ratio of rotational speed to longitudinal speed. On the other hand, for a given longitudinal... 

Aerodynamically alleviated marine vehicle (AAMV) is a high speed craft equipped with aerodynamic surfaces that operating in ground effect zone provides this craft with the ability to achieve much higher cruising speeds. Reducing the take-off mode of an AAMV is highly desirable. Additionally, it is seen where there is a considerable reserve thrust take-off can occur in the lower get-away speeds that shorten the take-off run and, therefore, is favourable. Accordingly, in this study an attempt has been made to develop a nonlinear mathematical model for an AAMV to simulate accelerations in take-off and landing phases, using semi-empirical equations mainly proposed for mono-hull high-speed craft,... 

Urban commuters and road authorities are interested in knowing how well their city can manage traffic conditions. It is challenging to make a fair comparison among global cities due to the absence of a consistent, publicly accessible and inexpensive framework. This study proposes a methodology to compare travel time and average speed in different cities. Large cities have a central core, in which many of the major activities take place. This core is called downtown or the central business district (CBD). In this study, a comparison is made by simulating the morning commute trips from origins outside to destinations inside the CBD. The proposed framework outlines how the city and the CBD...