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A novel force-based approach for designing armor blocks of high-crested breakwaters
, Article Scientia Iranica ; Vol. 21, issue. 3 , 2014 , pp. 534-547 ; ISSN: 10263098 ; Sarfaraz, M ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
Rubble-mound breakwaters are common marine structures that provide a safe area for human coastal activities. The stability of these structures against sea-waves requires their seaward slope to be protected by an armor layer consisting of natural rock or concrete units. To provide a safe breakwater, it is reasonable to establish a relation between the exerted wave loads and the stability of the armor units. However, up to now, the empirical design equations, derived from model tests, relate wave parameters to armor weight, and keeps the effect of wave loads in a black box. In this paper, a new approach, based on numerically-derived wave loads on the armor, is presented to evaluate the...
Comparison of spinal stability following motor control and general exercises in nonspecific chronic low back pain patients
, Article Clinical Biomechanics ; Volume 48 , 2017 , Pages 42-48 ; 02680033 (ISSN) ; Sarrafzadeh, J ; Jamshidi, A ; Arjmand, N ; Ghezelbash, F ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
Background Motor control exercise was claimed to improve spinal stability in patients with chronic non-specific back pain, but to investigate the effectiveness of this exercise, other outcome measures have been used rather than spinal stability itself. The aim of our study is to assess motor control exercise effects on spinal stability using a biomechanical model. Methods Fifty-one patients were assigned to either motor control or general exercises. Before and after trainings, participants were tested for spinal stability at seven isometric tasks. Electromyography signals were recorded from ten superficial muscles, and a hybrid EMG-driven musculoskeletal model estimated spinal stability...