Sharif Digital Repository

The Next Bit Test briefly states that a sequence is random if and only if, given any i bits of the sequence, it is not possible to predict the next bit of the sequence with a probability of success significantly greater than 1/2. In 1996, Sadeghiyan and Mohajeri proposed a so-called "new universal test for bit strings", based on the theoretical next bit test. In this paper, we study different aspects of this test and show its weakness. Then, we improve it both theoretically and practically for better classification of the sequences. As a result, a Practical Next Bit (PNB) test is introduced in two Global and Local versions and a histogram, which gives an impression of the global evaluation... 

Research question: Would there be differences in muscle activation between healthy subjects’ (HS) dominant leg and transfemoral amputees’ (TFA) intact-leg/contralateral-limb (IL) during normal transient-state walking speed? Methods: The muscle activation patterns are obtained by calculating the linear envelope of the EMG signals for each group. The activation patterns/temporal changes are compared between-population using statistical parametric mapping (SPM). Results: Individual muscle activity showed significant differences in all muscles except vastus lateralis (VL), semitendinosus (SEM) and tensor fascia latae (TFL) activities. Significance: The information could be used by the therapists... 

Water-quality modeling and prediction is a complicated task because of inherent randomness and uncertainties associated with various processes and variables throughout the stream environment and the lack of appropriate data. Hence, the results of mathematical models are always approximate, lying within an uncertainty. This paper describes and demonstrates the application of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's water-quality model, QUAL2E-UNCAS, to the Zayandeh-Rood River in Iran. First-order reliability analysis is used to examine the variability of predicted water-quality parameters of total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, and biochemical oxygen demand. This analysis also...