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In endurance time (ET) method structures are subjected to a set of predesigned intensifying excitations. These excitations are produced in a way that their response spectrum, while complying with a specified spectrum, intensifies with time so they can be used approximately to simulate the average effects of several ground motions scaled to different intensities. In this paper applicability of the ET method for evaluating collapse potential of buildings is investigated. A set of four steel moment frames is used for collapse assessment. The process of using ET method in collapse evaluation is explained and the results are compared with incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) results. It is shown... 

In endurance time method, seismic performance of structures under artificial intensifying accelerograms is investigated. In this method, the time duration of excitation (target time) will be assigned on the basis of linear response spectra. Damage spectra, which are the variation of a damage index versus the system period, can be used effectively to modify the target time of the excitations. In this research, various damage indices for a number of steel moment frames are estimated using the endurance time method with two types of target time, and the results are compared with those corresponding to the scaled real earthquakes. It is observed that damage estimation of the frames via the... 

In endurance time method, seismic performance of structures under artificial intensifying accelerograms is investigated. In this method, the time duration of excitation (target time) will be assigned on the basis of linear response spectra. Damage spectra, which are the variation of a damage index versus the system period, can be used effectively to modify the target time of the excitations. In this research, various damage indices for a number of steel moment frames are estimated using the endurance time method with two types of target time, and the results are compared with those corresponding to the scaled real earthquakes. It is observed that damage estimation of the frames via the... 

Progressive building collapse occurs when failure of a structural component leads to the failure and collapse of surrounding members, possibly promoting additional failure. Global system collapse will occur if the damaged system is unable to reach a new static equilibrium configuration. The most common type of primary failure which led to the progressive collapse phenomenon, is the sudden removal of a column by various factors. In this study, a method is proposed to prevent progressive collapse phenomena in structures subjected to removal of a single column. A vierendeel peripheral frame at roof level is used to redistribute the removed column’s load on other columns of the structure. For... 

In Endurance Time (ET) method, structures are subjected to gradually intensifying accelerograms and their performance is judged based on the maximum time duration in which they can satisfy the predefined endurance criteria. Damage indexes are used in ET method as the endurance criteria. In this paper, correlation between the values of various damage indexes as obtained from nonlinear time-history analysis of steel moment frames subjected to scaled earthquakes are compared with those from ET method at the same level of spectral acceleration. It is shown that the average value of various damage indexes can be estimated from ET analysis results. Advantages, accuracy and limitations of this... 

As steel is highly sensitive to temperature variations, fire exposure is more destructive in the case of steel structures in comparison to the concrete ones. The performance of an intermediate three-story steel moment frame with 4 spans was studied under the service load, thermal load and post-earthquake fire in this paper. Also, the effects of passive fire-protection materials such as ordinary cement-based and fire-retardant coatings were investigated. To model and analyze the structure; Abaqus software is utilized. In order to apply the earthquake effect, the push-over analysis method is employed. Changes in the stories deflection, endurance time and growth of nonlinear regions due to... 

In this paper, the seismic behavior of dual structural systems in forms of steel moment-resisting frames accompanied with reinforced concrete shear walls and steel moment-resisting frames accompanied with concentrically braced frames, have been studied. The nonlinear behavior of the mentioned structural systems has been evaluated as, in earthquakes, structures usually enter into an inelastic behavior stage and, hence, the applied energy to the structures will be dissipated. As a result, some parameters such as ductility factor of structure (μ), over-strength factor (Rs) and response modification factor (R) for the mentioned structures have been under assessment. To achieve these objectives,... 

In seismic resistant design of moment frames, the structure behavior under earthquakes has to be examined considering various damage criteria. Damage indices can be estimated by Endurance Time (ET) method with minimum computational effort. The quality of this estimation can be improved in different ways. In this paper, the graphs of a certain damage index versus natural period of the structure, called damage spectra, are produced applying intensifying ET records and scaled Ground Motions (GM). Then, the excitation duration of ET acceleration functions (target time) is modified in order to reach acceptable consistency between ET and GM damage spectra. Moreover, various damage indices of a... 

A recent method in the seismic assessment of structures is Endurance Time Analysis (ETA). ETA is a time-history-based dynamic pushover procedure, in which structures are subjected to gradually intensifying acceleration functions called Endurance Time Acceleration Functions (ETAFs), and their performances are evaluated based on the equivalent intensity level that they can endure while satisfying required performance goals. In this paper, the accuracy of the ETA in the seismic assessment of steel moment resisting frames is compared with the Time History Analysis (THA) and Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) methods. For this purpose, a set of mid-rise and high-rise frames were selected as a... 

The endurance time (ET) method is a time history-based dynamic pushover analysis procedure that utilizes special intensifying acceleration functions for estimating the seismic performance of structures at different excitation levels. One of the potential applications of the ET method is in the three-dimensional analysis of buildings considering multidirectional excitation. In this paper, a procedure for multi-component analysis by the ET method has been developed. Several steel moment frames with heights from 9.6 to 48 m were designed according to the Iranian National Building Code. By applying the proposed algorithm for three-dimensional analysis of structures by the ET method, these frames... 

The Endurance Time (ET) method is a time history-based dynamic analysis procedure which uses special intensifying acceleration functions for evaluation of the seismic response of structures. One of the potential applications of the ET method is in the three-dimensional analysis of buildings under multidirectional excitations. In this paper, considering horizontal components of excitation, an algorithm for the multi-component analysis of building structures by the ET method is proposed, and results of the ET method for various steel moment frames with 1 to 7 stories are compared with results from time history analysis with real earthquakes. Results show that based on recommendations of... 

In this paper the main goal is to evaluate the vertical and slant bolted endplate connections performance in steel moment frame structures under thermal effect in elastic field, and by a finite element software. the connections are simulated to complete and verify simple modeling of analytical and numerical analysis of the behavior of vertical and slant bolted endplate connections due to increase in temperature. The results that are obtained from performance of a vertical bolted endplate connection and a slant bolted endplate connection due to increase in temperature will be compared  

Various damage indexes have been introduced in recent years incorporating different parameters for estimating structural damage. Amongst these indexes, Plastic Ductility and Drift have been the center of attention of standards and building codes, like FEMA-356, because of their straightforward physical interpretation and ease of calculation. In this paper, several steel moment frames have been considered and their responses have been evaluated under a set of scaled earthquakes. A group of various damage indexes, which included cumulative and non cumulative, cyclic fatigue based, deformation based and modal parameter based, has been considered and the damage to structures has been evaluated... 

The value-based seismic design framework is a new design method that efficiently balances the construction resources and the seismic consequences, through reliable evaluation of the building performance at an affordable computational cost. This paper employs the value-based design approach to optimize the cross-section proportions of the steel wide-flange members. An optimization problem is proposed within the framework of value-based design. Construction cost and seismic consequences are selected as the value components. Moreover, the minimum code requirements are formulated as the design constraints. FEMA-P58 framework is exploited for the prediction of the seismic consequences including... 

In the seismic design of steel special moment frames, it is necessary to ensure that columns are generally stronger than beams. This reduces the probability of a weak story failure mechanism of the frame and ensures the formation of beams' plastic hinges earlier than the columns'. This criterion is known as strong column-weak beam (SCWB) in seismic design codes and is checked by a formula in the form of a ratio of total flexural strengths of columns to beams framing at each joint. It is common practice to ignore the column section change at the splice location and to use the flexural strength of the larger column section in evaluating this ratio. In this paper, several steel special moment... 

In this paper, application of the Endurance Time (ET) method in the performance-based design of steel moment frames is explained from a conceptual viewpoint. ET is a new dynamic pushover procedure that predicts the seismic performance of structures by subjecting them to a gradually intensifying dynamic action and monitoring their performance at various excitation levels. Structural responses at different excitation levels are obtained in a single time-history analysis, thus significantly reducing the computational demand. Results from three analyses are averaged to reduce the random scattering of the results at each time step. A target performance curve is presented based on the required...