Sharif Digital Repository

In this study, a novel experimental approach was used to overcome the lack of phase equilibrium information to obtain data that is more applicable to industrial situations. Liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) data, tie-lines, and phase boundaries were carried out for two systems of canola oil methyl esters (containing 1 wt % KOH) + glycerol + methanol and sunflower oil methyl esters (containing 1 wt % KOH) + glycerol + methanol at three different temperatures (303.15, 313.15, and 323.15 K). The quality of data was also ascertained using Othmer-Tobias correlations. The experimental LLE data was also correlated by the nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL) and the Wilson-NRF Gibbs free energy models. The... 

Palm oil (PO) and sunflower oil (SFO) blends with varying proportions were subjected to enzymatic interesterification (EIE) using a 1,3-specific immobilised lipase. The interesterified blends were evaluated for their slip melting point (SMP), solid fat content (SFC) at 10-40°C, p-anisidine value, peroxide value, free fatty acids (FFA), induction period of oxidation at 110°C (IP110) and composition of fatty acids by gas chromatography. Under EIE treatment, the blends of PO and SFO in different proportions (20:80, 40:60, 50:50, 60:40 and 80:20) had saturated and unsaturated fatty acid content in the range of 37.6-52.0% and 48.0-62.4%, respectively. The blends showed a considerable reduction in... 

Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA), Glycerol (G) and sunflower oil blends with varying concentration were subjected to enzymatic esterification using a 1, 3-specific immobilized lipase. CLA was used as acyl due to its purported health benefits. The transesterified lipids were evaluated for free fatty acids (FFA) and composition of fatty acids by gas chromatography. Lipozyme RM IM is preferred for enzymatic esterification because of more CLA incorporation and less free fatty acids at the end of reaction than Lipozyme TL IM. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine the effects of three variables Glycerol concentration, reaction temperature, and amount of enzyme on the lipase... 

The lipase-immobilized polyethyleneimine (PEI)- and polyacrylic acid (PAA)–coated magnetic silica nanocomposite particles (L-PEI-MS and L-PAA-MS, respectively) were prepared and applied at various transesterification reaction conditions. The reactions were carried out with soybean, sunflower, canola, and palm oils along with methanol or ethanol in the solvent-free and n-hexane systems. The highest fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) and fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) synthesis yields were obtained from the transesterification of palm oil, i.e., almost 7.7–10.2% higher than other oils. At the constant reaction conditions, the application of ethanol leads to higher (6.0–8.7%) reaction yields in... 

A novel efficient and cost-effective heterogeneous catalyst for the production of biodiesel from transesterification of sunflower oil was prepared through the impregnation of K2CO3 upon the Talc material. The physicochemical features of the catalyst were studied through several characterization analyses. The effect of the K2CO3 loading was investigated by comparing the catalytic activity of various prepared catalysts. Moreover, the effect of the calcination temperature upon the catalytic activity was examined. To maximize the yield of the produced biodiesel fuel, reaction variables such as the reaction time and temperature, catalyst concentration, and methanol: oil molar ratio were... 

Kaolin clay material was loaded with potassium carbonate by impregnation method as a novel, effective, and economically heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production of sunflower oil via the transesterification reaction. The structural and chemical properties of the produced catalysts were characterized through several analyses including the X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller specific surface area. These revealed the best catalyst for the investigated reaction among different ones prepared based upon various impregnation extent of the potassium carbonate. The influence of this parameter was examined through a... 

In this study, four types of tetrabutylphosphonium carboxylate ionic liquids (ILs) were synthesized and used for a one-pot transesterification of wet Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) microalgae into fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) in the presence of methanol, as well as refined oils (sunflower, canola, and corn oil). The resulting process removed the need for complete drying and lipid extraction steps typically needed for biodiesel production from microalgae. The leading candidate ionic liquid catalyst, tetrabutylphosphonium formate ([P4444][For]), was further optimized using response surface methodology to minimize material consumption, increase water compatibility, reduce processing time... 

This work scrutinized the adulteration of pistachio butter with three potential edible oils using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and multivariate classification methods. Each of the classes, including non-adulterated samples and adulterated samples consisting of pistachio butter mixed with various concentrations of peanut oil, corn oil and sunflower oil, were classified. For this purpose, multivariate methods, including soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), were applied to classify the FTIR data. After evaluating the model on unknown samples, the results indicated that PLS-DA was better than the SIMCA...