Sharif Digital Repository

The mixed-convection flow from a hot vertical impinging jet on a colder horizontal disc has been studied. The geometry is analogous to a conventional burning gas cooktop. A numerical simulation of the system has been carried out using the finite-element method to study the dependence of fluid flow and heat transfer on the geometric, thermal, and fluid flow parameters. Results show that heat transfer efficiency versus several parameters such as inlet velocity magnitude and flue gas temperature has an optimum value, in which heat transfer efficiency is maximum. With thermal conductivity of the solid wall, velocity angle, and solid wall diameter heat transfer efficiency has increasing behavior.... 

Wall thickness measurement and deterioration determination of 6 and 10 inch pipes due to corrosion/erosion/pitting was evaluated by using radiographic film density measurements. Special reference blocks were prepared with defined step wall reductions and artificial defects. Gamma radiography with a Ir-192 source was used. A double-wall technique with longitudinal film arrangement was used for this purpose. Formulae were developed from the experiments for numerical calculations. It was observed that this method can determine remaining wall thickness as well as pitting corrosion in insulated and non-insulated pipes with differential and absolute density measurements. The purpose of the work... 

An experimental investigation is performed to explore the characteristics of sprays produced by a liquid-liquid coaxial swirl injector in a non-combusting environment. Phase Doppler anemometry is used for the measurement of velocity and Sauter Mean Diameter of droplets across and along the injection axis for various inner- and outer mass flow rates. Results of the combined spray are compared with those of inner- and/or outer spray alone. The results indicate that the inner injector has a larger influence on the flow field of the combined spray compared to the outer one. Further, the maximum velocity of the combined spray is close to the center of the spray thickness and the velocity... 

The classical yield criteria do not describe the yield size-dependency that has been observed in micro-scale structures (Fleck, Muller, Ashby, & Hutchinson, 1994; Stolken and Evans 1998; Moreau et al. 2005), and may also significantly underestimate the yield loads of structures at micron and sub-micron scales (Son, Jeong, & Kwon, 2003; Liu et al., 2013). The present paper suggests a specific size-dependent yield criterion based on the strain gradient theory that is aimed at addressing this inadequacy. In order to develop the strain gradient based yield criterion, the deviatoric part of the strain energy is calculated based on this theory and equated to the deviatoric strain energy of a... 

In this study, the tractive rolling contact problem between a rigid cylinder and a graded coating is investigated. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of the stiffness ratio, the coefficient of friction and the coating thickness on the surface contact tractions, the surface in-plane stress, the stick zone length and the creep ratio parameter that may have a bearing on the fatigue life of the component. Assuming that the shear modulus varies exponentially through the thickness of the coating, the governing integral equations associated with the rolling contact problem are constructed. Furthermore, it is supposed that the contact patch is controlled by a central stick... 

To date, the existing theories pertinent to the determination of the scattered fields of an inhomogeneity have been limited to certain topological symmetries for which the method of wave-function expansion is widely used. In the literature the wave-function expansion method has also been employed to the case involving concentric coated fiber. An alternative approach is the dynamic equivalent inclusion method (DEIM) proposed by Fu and Mura [L.S. Fu, T. Mura, The determination of elastodynamic fields of an ellipsoidal inhomogeneity. ASME J. Appl. Mech. 50 (1983) 390-396.] who found the scattered field of a single spheroidal inhomogeneity. The pioneering work of Eshelby [J.D. Eshelby, The... 

Free vibration analysis of simply supported FG cylindrical shells for four sets of in-plane boundary conditions is performed. The material properties are assumed to be temperature-dependant and gradually changed in the thickness direction of the shell. The effects of temperature rise are investigated by specifying arbitrary high temperature on the outer surface and the ambient temperature on the inner surface of the cylinder. Distribution of temperature across the shell thickness is found from steady state heat conduction only in the thickness direction. The equations of motion are based on Love's shell theory and the von Karman-Donnell-type of kinematic nonlinearity. The static analysis is... 

Velocity distributions in (r,θ) directions are evaluated by solving simultaneous simplified Navier-Stokes equations (NSE) and continuity equation (CE) in polar coordinate. The analysis is based on steady state laminar flow of thin falling liquid film on a horizontal circular tube, for cases in which traction on the film surface is considered negligible. It is a common geometry for part of engineering problems such as evaporator, condenser, absorber, generator of absorption chillers and other similar units in mechanical and chemical engineering. Knowledge of the velocity profiles is usually needed for: 1- solving governing energy and species equations 2- estimating the average and film... 

In the present study a laboratory flat rolling machine is utilized to assess the deformation behavior of low and high carbon steel wires in wire flat rolling process. The effects of friction coefficient, rolling reduction and roll speed on rolling force and deformation behavior of the wires are experimentally investigated. It is found that the roll speed affects considerably the rolling force but a negligible effect on deformation behavior. It is noted that by increasing the roll speed, the rolling force may decrease or increase depending on the magnitude of the roll speed. Also, the deformation behavior of the wires in flat rolling is formulated. A relationship is developed for calculating... 

In this study, the rolling contact problem of two elastically similar cylinders coated with functionally graded materials is investigated. The singular integral equations approach is utilized to extract the governing equations of the problem. The governing equations are discretized into systems of algebraic equations by virtue of the Gauss-Chebyshev integration method. Comprehensive parametric study is performed to examine the effects of mechanical properties, coating thickness and external loads on the surface stress components, stick/slip transition, creep ratio and power loss. This study aimed to emphasize the capability of graded materials in improving the rolling contact fatigue of... 

The electrodeposition of Zn-SiO2 nanocomposites has been investigated with different electrolytes: triethanolamine as a dispersing agent, and cetyl trimethylammonium bromide and dodecyl dimethylamine oxide as ionic (cationic) and non-ionic surfactants. Appropriate electrophoretic potentials for each solution were obtained using cyclic voltammetry. The results show that the most stable SiO2 nanoparticles with zeta potential range of 25 to 41 mV, along with highest SiO2 mobility of 0.4 to 0.7 m2/V.s were dispersed by triethanolamine in ethanol and the resulting coating adhesion improved up to 5.87 MPa in the standard pull off test, with the enhanced hardness of... 

Propagation of P-wave in an unbounded elastic polymer medium which contains a set of nested concentric spherical piezoelectric inhomogeneities is formulated. The polymer matrix is made of Epoxy and is isotropic; each phase of the inhomogeneity is made of a different piezoelectric material and is radially polarized and has spherical isotropy. Note that the individual phases are homogeneous, and all interfaces are perfectly bonded. The scattered displacement and electric potentials in the matrix are expressed in terms of spherical wave vector functions and Legendre functions, respectively. The transmitted displacement and electric potentials within each phase of the piezoelectric particle are... 

The out-of-pack cementation method was applied to coat the Nickel-based super alloy IN738LC with Si-modified aluminide. Different mixtures of the pack containing pure Al, Si, alumina powders as an inert filler, and NH4Cl as a halide salt activator were used for co-deposition at 950 and 1,050°C. The results showed although the amount of subhalide vapour pressures of Al and Si were equal at 1,050°C, Al atoms diffused only after Si atoms had been deposited. Before heat treatment, the coating thickness formed by the pack containing 2.3 wt.% Al was 6 μm more than that containing 3.5 wt.% Al. After heat treatment, thickening coatings formed within the pack containing 2.3 wt.% Al was less than that... 

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to provide a theoretical analysis of the fracture behavior of multiple axisymmetric interface cracks between a homogeneous isotropic layer and its functionally graded material (FGM) coating under torsional loading. Design/methodology/approach: In this paper, the authors employ the distributed dislocation technique to the stress analysis, an FGM coating-substrate system under torsional loading with multiple axisymmetric cracks consist of annular and penny-shaped cracks. First, with the aid of the Hankel transform, the stress fields in the homogeneous layer and its FGM coating are obtained. The problem is then reduced to a set of singular integral equations... 

A finite element formulation is derived for the thermoelastic analysis of functionally graded (FG) plates and shells. The power-law distribution model is assumed for the composition of the constituent materials in the thickness direction. The procedure adopted to derive the finite element formulation contains the analytical through-the-thickness integration inherently. Such formulation accounts for the large gradient of the material properties of FG plates and shells through the thickness without using the Gauss points in the thickness direction. The explicit through-the-thickness integration becomes possible due to the proper decomposition of the material properties into the product of a... 

In the present paper, an optimization of thermal barrier coating parameters is performed for diesel engine applications. The substrate is A356.0-T7, a cast aluminum alloy which has a vast application in diesel engines, and the alloy is coated by plasma sprayed ZrO2-8 wt.% Y2O3. Parameters including the feed rate of coating powders, the nozzle distance to specimen surfaces, and the coating thickness are optimized by thermal shock fatigue tests and bending tests. Optimum values of the feed rate and the nozzle distance are 30 g/min and 80 mm, respectively, when the objective is considered as maximizing the bending strength. Thermal shock tests demonstrate that lower thickness of coating layers... 

In this study, failure of a high pressure economizer tube of a boiler used in gas-Mazut combined cycle power plants was studied. Failure analysis of the tube was accomplished by taking into account visual inspection, thickness measurement, and hardness testing as well as microstructural observations using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and x-ray diffraction (XRD). Optical microscopy images indicate that there is no phase transformation during service, and ferrite-pearlite remained. The results of XRD also revealed Iron sulfate (FeSO4) and Iron hydroxide sulfate (FeOH(SO4)) phases formed on the steel surface. A considerable amount of Sulfur was also... 

High-temperature (1200-1350°C) corrosion of fused-cast ZrO2-Al2O3-SiO2 (ZAS) refractory contacting lead silicate glass melt (LSG) containing 68.5wt% PbO was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), x-ray diffraction (XRD), thickness measurement and Archimedes density measurement. ZAS durability was improved by baddeliyete content and deteriorated with open porosity proportion, corundum percentage and eutectic mixture presence. Diffusion of lead resulted in fusion-temperature lowering of the glassy layers embedded within the ZAS particles. Heating caused viscosity drop across the interface, loosening the...