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The effect of heat treatment on physical properties of nanograined (WO 3)1-x-(Fe2O3)x thin films
, Article Vacuum ; Volume 85, Issue 8 , February , 2011 , Pages 810-819 ; 0042207X (ISSN) ; Akhavan, O ; Moshfegh, A. Z ; Sharif University of Technology
2011
Abstract
Thin films of (WO3)1-x-(Fe2O 3)x composition were deposited by thermal evaporation on glass substrates and then all samples were annealed at 200-500 °C in air. Optical properties such as transmittance, reflectance, optical bangap energy, and the optical constants of the "as deposited" and the annealed films were studied using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry. It was shown that the annealing process changes the film optical properties which were related to Fe2O3 concentration. Moreover, using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we have indicated that WO3 is stoichiometric, while iron oxide was in both FeO and Fe2O3 compositions so that the FeO composition converted to Fe2O3 after the...