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On the catalysis capability of transition metal oxide nanoparticles in upgrading of heavy petroleum residue by supercritical water
, Article Journal of Supercritical Fluids ; Volume 126 , 2017 , Pages 14-24 ; 08968446 (ISSN) ; Golmohammadi, M ; Ahmadi, S. J ; Towfighi, J ; Heidari Chenari, A ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier B.V
2017
Abstract
Vacuum residue cracking has been successfully conducted under supercritical water condition in presence of various metal oxide nanocalysts, namely NiO, CuO, ZnO, Co2O3, and Cr2O3 synthesized at supercritical water. The cracking experiments were carried out at 450 °C. Three species of cracking: maltene, asphaltene, and coke were then weighed and their corresponding speciation was defined. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and elemental analysis (CHNS) tests were utilized to prove the performance of upgrading reactions. It was revealed that NiO showed the best performance among other catalyst, in which...