Sharif Digital Repository

A two impinging-jets contacting device (TIJCD) for liquid-liquid extraction processes was proposed and tested through the standard test system recommended by the European Federation of Chemical Engineering (EFCE), toluene-acetone-water, as a typical example of liquid-liquid extraction processes. The results obtained for the overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient (capacity coefficient) were more than three times higher than those reported in the conventional contactors and in an air-driven two impinging-streams contactor. These experimental results clearly indicate the greater performance capability of TIJCD relative to those of conventional contactors. To have a perfect study on the... 

Mass transfer in the liquid phase of gas-liquid multiphase flows usually takes place at a considerably slower rate than the transfer of momentum, so mass flux boundary layers are much thinner than momentum boundary layers. In Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) the resolution requirement for flows with mass transfer are therefore significantly higher than for flow without mass transfer. Here we develop a multiscale approach to compute the mass transfer from buoyant bubbles, using a boundary-layer approximation next to the bubble and a relatively coarse grid for the rest of the flow. This approach greatly reduces the overall grid resolution required  

The most general basis for approximating the transport equation has been studied. The application of the Gram-Schmidt procedure has been shown to unify the complete class of functions (polynomial type or non-polynomial type), applicable to this equation. The completeness of the series of functions is proved. A generalized version of the Fick's law is introduced. It is shown that the spectrum of the transport equation obtained by this method agrees with the conventional methods of obtaining the spectrum  

Different real-world processes can be described by a linear model parameterised with respect to the processoperating point, as an uncertain parameter. The family of transport processes with long memory is a kind of these processeswhich are characterised by the parameterised time-fractional diffusion equations. This study proposes a generalised isodamping feature for achieving the phase margin invariance regardless of the uncertain parameter variations in control of timefractional diffusion processes. Also, the study suggests an analytical method to tune stabilising fractional-order proportional-integral/proportional-derivative controllers for adjusting a desired value for the phase margin at... 

This study presents economic and formation investigations on hydration effects by looking at natural gas hydrate (NGH) storage and transportation processes and formation conditions. The investigation includes experiments with methane. The obtained results show that the methane formation time increased linearly as the subcooling temperature decreased. Furthermore, the economic result indicates that the energy consumption parameter is appropriate for examining resource consumption for a system that, in turn, results in optimal capital investment through the storage and transportation process of NGH. The results also show that energy consumption increases logarithmically as the hydrate... 

Increasing cuttings bed height is a serious concern during extended-reach well drilling. In order to predict and prevent cuttings bed height increase, it is essential to study how the critical parameters influence the cuttings transport, especially the drill pipe rotation effects on the cuttings transport process. In conventional models for cuttings transport, the dynamic behavior of particles due to drill pipe rotation is neglected or empirically simplified. This paper presents a coupled Computational Fluid Dynamics and Discrete Element Method (CFD-DEM) approach to simulate the cuttings transport considering the dynamic collision process. The fluid phase is treated as an Eulerian continuum... 

Existing closed-form solutions of contaminant transport problems are limited by the mathematically convenient assumption of uniform flow. These solutions cannot be used to investigate contaminant transport in coastal aquifers where seawater intrusion induces a variable velocity field. An adaptation of the Fourier-Galerkin method is introduced to obtain semi-analytical solutions for contaminant transport in a confined coastal aquifer in which the saltwater wedge is in equilibrium with a freshwater discharge flow. Two scenarios dealing with contaminant leakage from the aquifer top surface and contaminant migration from a source at the landward boundary are considered. Robust implementation of... 

This paper presents a developed CFD (Computational fluid dynamics)-DEM (Discrete elements method) model to study the cuttings transportation in aerated mud drilling process for inclined annuli at downhole conditions. The model is conducted to determine the effects of liquid flow rate, air injection rate, annulus inclination angle, elevated temperature and pressure on the cuttings transport efficiency. The motion of the fluid is computed using CFD based approach with gas–liquid interface capturing provided by the volume-of-fluid (VOF) method. The dynamics of cutting phase is studied by DEM using soft sphere approach in order to take into account the particle collision phenomenon. The... 

The primary source of surgical site infection is the deposition of flakes released from the exposed skin of surgical staff or the patient on the exposed surgical wound. In this study, a computational model for simulating air ow and thermal conditions in an operating room is developed, and transport and deposition of particulate contaminants near the wound are analyzed. The results show the formation of a thermal plume over the wound tissue, which is typically at a higher temperature than the surrounding. The thermal plume protects the wound from the deposition of contaminants. In addition, the computational model predicts an optimum value for the inlet air velocity that is mainly maintaining... 

The majority of literature regarding optimized Latin hypercube sampling (OLHS) is devoted to increasing the efficiency of these sampling strategies through the development of new algorithms based on the combination of innovative space-filling criteria and specialized optimization schemes. However, little attention has been given to the impact of the initial design that is fed into the optimization algorithm, on the efficiency of OLHS strategies. Previous studies, as well as codes developed for OLHS, have relied on one of the following two approaches for the selection of the initial design in OLHS: (1) the use of random points in the hypercube intervals (random LHS), and (2) the use of... 

Citric acid was polymerized onto the surface of functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTCOOH) and MWCNT-graft-poly(citric acid) (MWCNTg-PCA) hybrid materials were obtained. Due to the grafted poly(citric acid) branches, MWCNT-g-PCA hybrid materials not only were soluble in water but also were able to trap water soluble metal ions. Reduction of trapped metal ions in the polymeric shell of MWCNT-g-PCA hybrid materials by reducing agents such as sodium borohydride led to encapsulated metal nanoparticles on the surface of MWCNT. Herein palladium nanoparticles were encapsulated and transported by MWCNT-g-PCA hybrid materials (MWCNT-g-PCA-EPN) and their application as nanocatalyst toward...