Sharif Digital Repository

The aim of this study is to evaluate post-earthquake travel behavior in Tehran. After a horrible disaster, like earthquake, people’s travel behavior may change substantially in comparison with normal condition. If people’s travel behavior can be predicted after an earthquake, then authorities can manage travels for emergency medical services in a more efficient way, so the casualties are profoundly diminished. To collect a formation, a questionnaire about socio-economic characteristics of people and their post-earthquake travel behavior was designed. According to the obtained results, time of occurrence and severity of the earthquake are of the utmost importance. So if the earthquake occurs... 

One of the most important required data in order to consult transportation studies is the amount of trip demand between different zones in the study region. Trip demand is usually presented in form of a table. Due to dependence of the demand on time, it gets classified in two categories: Static and Time dependent. In Time dependent problems, which the scope of this research is, trip demand is affected by network condition and the amount of traffic supply in short periods of time, e.g. 15 minutes. Using Traffic count and prior trip demand table in order to estimate the time dependent Trip demand is among the newest methods of travel demand estimation. In this research despite of older studies... 

Travel demand estimation is a complicated process as travel demand is highly influenced by uncertainties. These uncertainties can be analyzed in two levels: aggregate and disaggregate. Models in aggregate level are usually influenced by uncertainties in data insufficiency in some regions of data space because of non uniform distribution of input data. Uncertainties embedded in travelers’ perceptions of some influential variables on demand estimation (such as travel time) moreover affect these models. An expert-guided algorithm to incorporate expert knowledge into adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system for compensating data insufficiency and considering uncertainties inherent in... 

Activity bases models of travel demand considers travel demand as a derived demand to fulfill activities. Development of these models cause better understanding of the mechanism of travel through Integrity, interdependencies, higher temporal and spatial aggregation, and behavioral basis. Although these models requires of spatial and temporal data with high resolution of huge number of peoples. Gathering this data through surveys require great labor and time. Mobile phone data of cellular network have high spatial-temporal resolution used for billing purposes and can be used as a supplementary source of data to develop activity based models. This research uses mobility patterns called motifs... 

Recently, developing countries have faced fundamental problems due to the ignorance of rural areas and their deficiencies. These problems could be summarized in extended immigration to nearby cities and an outstanding decrease in agriculture and animal husbandry. Such problems have forced the governments to take on new attitudes towards the expansion rural facilities. In this regard, Transportation can be viewed as an index of development. The following research is aimed to estimate travel demand in rural areas with a newly promoted method, named as “Activity- based Demand Modeling”. Unlike trip based models, Activity- based procedures focus on recognition of daily activity patterns and... 

This paper presents five origin-destination (OD) flow estimation models using traffic sensors. The first model uses counting sensors data, the second model uses automated vehicle identification (AVI) sensors data and the third, fourth and fifth use combined data of counter and AVI sensors simultaneously. The first to fourth models are bi-level problems that the upper-level minimizes some objective functions where is the distance between estimated flows and observed flows. On the other hand, the lower-level problem finds user equilibrium (UE) flows pattern for estimated origin-destination matrix (ODM). The fifth model is a multi-objective problem, where a bi-level problem is solved for each... 

Regardless of the traffic model and its application, an essential input of transportation models is the amount of demand which is usually described using Origin-Destination (OD) matrices. Due to high costs and time of direct development of such matrices, they are estimated indirectly from traffic measurements recorded from the network. Dynamic Origin-Destination demand provides valuable information on within-day fluctuation of traffic demand which could be used in analyzing congestion dissipation. In addition, they are essential inputs of dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) models. The current study presents a fuzzy approach to dynamic OD estimation problem. The problem is designed as a two... 

Throughout history, natural and unnatural disasters have caused great financial and human losses to human beings. Although these incidents are sometimes unpredictable and inevitable, with proper management, the casualties can be reduced. To optimally manage disaster response operations, it is essential to understand people’s vehicular movements in chaotic situations. This can be achieved by examining previous earthquakes. In the post-earthquake conditions, as the network experiences sudden and heavy loading, not only the debris falling on the roads but also the traffic congestion caused by the scared people will cause the links to close, and this will disrupt the relief and rescue... 

Transportation, as a prerequisite of sustainable development of rural areas, should be considered as a high priority step in planning. This issue needs even more attention in developing countries such as Iran as significant part of population in these countries resides in rural areas. However, still little is known about the activity and travel characteristics of rural residents. This study focuses on developing comprehensive framework to model disaggregate travel demand of rural residents based on daily activity-travel pattern, application of this framework in estimating the transportation decisions and measuring the effectiveness of policies related to improving rural transportation modes.... 

The trip demand information in the form of the origin-destination (OD) matrix is of significant importance in the transportation studies. Obtaining such a matrix by conventional methods requires a considerable amount of time, cost, and human resources. Traffic count and cellphone network data are two relatively inexpensive data that can be used for estimation of OD matrices as well as correction of prior matrices. The trip demand estimation problem is a bi-level model, and the gradient algorithm is one way to solve it. This study, by generalizing the gradient algorithm, attempts to a better use of the available data. In this algorithm, a complementary algorithm is used to solve the traffic... 

Origin-destination (OD) matrix is one of the most important sources of information used in planning and management of transportation networks. Estimation of a precise OD matrix is a fundamental component for enabling the administrative authorities to optimize the use of their transportation network. Traditionally, urban planners use direct approaches including household questionnaires to estimate OD matrices. These methods are time-consuming and costly. Strategies that are more recent like Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and RFID scanners and detectors include deficient precision and the additional cost of accessories. Exploiting GPS technology in spite of its high locating accuracy, due to user... 

This thesis extends a probabilistic framework for evaluating the seismic resilience of communities by modeling the transportation system. The framework that is being extended is under continuous development at the Center for Infrastructure Sustainability and Resilience Research (INSURER) at Sharif University of Technology quantifies community resilience by integrating hazard models, risk models, and recovery models within an agent-based simulation. In this framework, the transportation system is modeled by developing a library of probabilistic models to predict the occurrence and intensity of earthquake hazard, damage and capacity of network components, network travel demand, and economic,...