Sharif Digital Repository

Pollutant emission from vehicles is known as a major air pollution source in metropolitan areas. Efficiency of several solutions was quantified and compared to introduce the best solution for decreasing greenhouse gases and air pollutant emissions: (1) inspection and maintenance (I/M) of vehicles, (2) restriction of air conditioner usage, (3) injecting better quality fuel (removing sulfur), and (4) replacing older vehicles with new ones were modeled by International Vehicle Emissions (IVE) model as potential solutions. Restricting air conditioner usage makes an insignificant contribution in pollutants’ emission. The idle inspection/ maintenance system can reduce carbon monoxide (CO) and... 

The integration of Transportation Demand Management (TDM) policies is a challenging issue in urban policy studies. Interactions between policies that are not addressed broadly in the integration context play a main role in the outcome of TDM policy packages. However, different individual daily trip purposes, city development, variations in land use and different levels of decision making about transportation often lead to the implementation of more than one TDM policy at a time. This study examined the role of TDM policy interactions on the macro and micro levels. On the macro level, this study showed that the introduction of two-way interactions in the model could improve the goodness of... 

This article proposes a novel index along with a user-friendly platform for resilience evaluation of the urban water distribution networks (WDN). WDN is of great importance in preserving the safety and sustainability of communities and cities. Resilience of a given system results in its sustainability. In recent years, many studies have focused on resilient urban WDN. However, these studies did not provide a comprehensive evaluation index and platform that could simultaneously consider hydraulic analysis, resilience parameters, and significant uncertainties. In this study, a novel resilience index was defined, and a user-friendly and practical platform (REWAT) was developed to calculate the... 

The challenges of water resources sustainable development are enormous. Around the globe, the increasing use of water coupled with environmental deterioration calls for sustainable development of the limited water resources. As a significant part of the world's population still lacks access to safe water and adequate sanitation, and as global urbanization continues to increase, continuous, comprehensive, coordinated and cooperative water resources management is required for the sustainable future of urban areas. The objective of this study was to assess water resources sustainable development for selected urban areas around the world. Using centralized databases of international agencies for...