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vacuum-deposition
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Electron beam focusing in the magnetic field of a bent electron beam evaporator
, Article Iranian Journal of Physics Research ; Volume 17, Issue 2 , 2017 , Pages 263-268 ; 16826957 (ISSN) ; Zavarian, A. A ; Hafezi, F ; Sharif University of Technology
Isfahan University of Technology
2017
Abstract
In this paper, the vacuum film deposition through electron beam evaporation has been reviewed and the effect of magnetic field on the operation of this system has been explained. Then, the magnetic field distribution due to magnetic components configuartion of a commercial evaporation source with 270-degree electron beam gun (manufactured by Sharif University Branch of ACECR), has been simulated by means of a finite element software, ANSYS. The simulation result was verified by comparing with the results obtained from measurement by Hall Effect sensor. Furthermore, by using the ray-tracing capability of the software, the capability of the magnetic lens of this device for electron beam...
Modeling and Improving the Thickness Distribution in Vacuum Coating System
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Rashidian, Bizhan (Supervisor)
Abstract
In the fabrication of semiconductor devices, uniformity of thin films has many important influences on optical and electrical properties of the device. many attempts have been done on the enhancement of the uniformity of thin films so far. In this thesis, first the effect of angular variation of source with respect to the target on uniformity in the evaporation coating system has been studied, then an in situ positioning system for substrate has been designed and fabricated. After finding the thickness’s profile for Ag and Cu in Electron Beam Gun system, we studied the motion pattern of the target for improving the uniformity. This positioning system can be used to any coating systems. in...
All-Vacuum-processing for fabrication of efficient, large-scale, and flexible inverted perovskite solar cells
, Article Physica Status Solidi - Rapid Research Letters ; 2020 ; Tavakoli, R ; Sharif University of Technology
Wiley-VCH Verlag
2020
Abstract
Vacuum deposition of transporting layers, especially the hole-transporting layer (HTL), is still a big challenge for the fabrication of large-area perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this work, efficient and large-area PSCs are fabricated by thermal evaporation of all the layers. Poly(bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine) (PTAA) is used as the HTL, and a compact layer of PTAA with low thickness (2–10 nm) is successfully deposited using thermal evaporation. The optical and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) measurements prove that the evaporated PTAA has a great match with the single A-cation methylammonium triiodide perovskite film in terms of quenching effect and band...
Efficient, hysteresis-free, and flexible inverted perovskite solar cells using all-vacuum processing.Efficient, hysteresis-free, and flexible inverted perovskite solar cells using all-vacuum processing
, Article Solar RRL ; 2020 ; Yadav, P ; Prochowicz, D ; Tavakoli, R ; Sharif University of Technology
Wiley-VCH Verlag
2020
Abstract
The fabrication of efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs) using all-vacuum processing is still challenging due to the limitations in the vacuum deposition of the hole transporting layer (HTL). Herein, inverted PSCs using copper (II) phthalocyanine (CuPC) as an ideal alternative HTL for vacuum processing are fabricated. After proper optimization, a PSC with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.3% is achieved, which is much better than the PCEs (16.8%) of devices with solution-based CuPC. As it takes a long time to dissolve CuPC in the solution-based device, the evaporation approach has better advantage in terms of fast processing. In addition, the device with the evaporated CuPC HTL...
Cu surface segregation in Ni/Cu system
, Article Vacuum ; Volume 84, Issue 4 , 2009 , Pages 469-473 ; 0042207X (ISSN) ; Iraji zad, A ; Ahadian, M. M ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
We report experimental evidence of Cu surface segregation in Ni/Cu system, during deposition of Ni film onto Cu substrate at room temperature and during heat treatment in vacuum. Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) by Tougaard's analysis results show that surface segregation defeats in competition with increase in Ni thickness and terminates when thickness of Ni increase to more than 4 nm. Surface energy and concentration were calculated using contact angle measurements and the results confirm that segregation reduces the surface energy. Surface segregation during heat treatment at 150-220 °C range as a function of time initially shows linear mass...
Morphology, optical and electrical properties of Cu-Ni nanoparticles in a-C:H prepared by co-deposition of RF-sputtering and RF-PECVD
, Article Applied Surface Science ; Volume 258, Issue 2 , 2011 , Pages 727-731 ; 01694332 (ISSN) ; Vesaghi, M. A ; Gelali, A ; Zahrabi, H ; Solaymani, S ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
We report optical and electrical properties of Cu-Ni nanoparticles in hydrogenated amorphous carbon (Cu-Ni NPs @ a-C:H) with different surface morphology. Ni NPs with layer thicknesses of 5, 10 and 15 nm over Cu NPs @ a-C:H were prepared by co-deposition of RF-sputtering and RF-Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (RF-PECVD) from acetylene gas and Cu and Ni targets. A nonmetal-metal transition was observed as the thickness of Ni over layer increases. The surface morphology of the sample was described by a two dimensional (2D) Gaussian self-affine fractal, except the sample with 10 nm thickness of Ni over layer, which is in the nonmetal-metal transition region. X-ray diffraction profile...