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The main focus of this paper is to find an upgrade plan for a microgrid. This plan includes system lines' upgrades, the place, and size of the new capacitors and DERs. As usual, the planning process is begun with the load forecasting. The main objectives include minimization of system upgrade cost, loss cost, loss cost in peak load, and finally demand cost. The last objective is realized here using the tap changer of the main station transformer and reactive power support of the sources available or planned for the future of the grid. This is always referred to as the conservation of voltage reduction. In order to consider the effects of bus voltages on the system demand, the ZIP model for... 

Historically, the general target of affecting demand via voltage regulation was conservation, i.e., reducing peak demand and/or accumulated energy. In private environments however, profit maximization may take place of conservation, regardless of the social welfare and consumers' costs. This letter aims at highlighting the effectiveness of voltage regulation as a measure to maximize utilities' profit. The new strategy can indeliberately cause more payments for customers. The letter simulates different cases which reveal importance of the role regulatory bodies have to play to prevent unethical actions in private environments. IEEE