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    Modified Buongiorno's model for fully developed mixed convection flow of nanofluids in a vertical annular pipe

    , Article Computers and Fluids ; Vol. 89 , 2014 , pp. 124-132 ; ISSN: 00457930 Malvandi, A ; Moshizi, S. A ; Soltani, E. G ; Ganji, D. D ; Sharif University of Technology
    Abstract
    This paper deals with the mixed convective heat transfer of nanofluids through a concentric vertical annulus. Because of the non-adherence of the fluid-solid interface in the presence of nanoparticle migrations, known as slip condition, the Navier's slip boundary condition was considered at the pipe walls. The employed model for nanofluid includes the modified two-component four-equation non-homogeneous equilibrium model that fully accounts for the effects of nanoparticles volume fraction distribution. Assuming the fully developed flow and heat transfer, the basic partial differential equations including continuity, momentum, and energy equations have been reduced to two-point ordinary...