Sharif Digital Repository

This study examins effects of trade liberalization on the wage inequality across industries and between genders within these industries by utilizing the data of micro-level Households’ Income and Expenditures surveys and trade statistics over 2001-2011. The analysis is carried based on the Heckscher–Ohlin’s theory in international trade and Baker’s taste discrimination theory at firms. We use Quantile regression and ordinary least squares (OLS) to consider the wage discrimination across entire distribution wage distribution and at wages mean as well. The results of Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition approach (inequality at mean wage) and Machado and Mata’s model (inequality of wage at entire... 

In this study, we estimate the effect of overeducation on the gender pay gap in the private and public sectors, using Household Expenditure and Income Data of 1396. For this purpose, the realized matching method is used to calculate the overeducation and the Oaxaca and Blinder decomposition model to calculate wage gap. The results show that being female in both the private and public sectors has a negative effect on wages, but this effect is much stronger in the private sector. We also find that the gender wage gap among overeducated is lower than propereducated. The gender pay gap and its unexplained componentin among overeducated worker in both sectors is less than propereducated worker.... 

Average of females’ age in the first marriage was increasing in Iran, in the last two decade from 20.9 in 1991 To 22.7 in 2010. It is well accepted that labor market condition and the males’ wage structure are the main determinants of preference toward marriage among others. Making use of a provinces-wide panel data 1991 To 2010 and micro individualized data (Household income and expenditure survey) for all the provinces, this research aims to assess the role of males’ wage inequality in the marriage rate in provinces and the probit cross-section models of preferences toward marriage in Iran. In the frame work of search and match theory of marriage our findings reveal that wage inequality... 

In the present study, the effects of increasing the value of shale gas production, either due to increased production or price increases, have been studied on economic variables such as employment, wage, property value and the number of births. In this regard, the data for each of these variables was used at the county level in the United States of America between 2000 and 2011. In order to estimate the desired effects, counties are divided into two types of boom and non-boom counties. The findings indicate that increasing natural gas production will lead to more employment and wage growth in boom counties than non-boom counties. Also, during the period of increasing production, the value of... 

In the recent years, females’ literacy rate has experienced a drastic improvement in Iran; accordingly a remarkable increase in their participation rate is reasonably expected. Education is considered as a one of driving forces of females’ presence in the labor market; however they likely are paid less than men in some occupations or activities. This phenomenon is called gender wage gap in the labor market literature. This wage gap occurs when a worker is paid less than her counterpart with the same level of marginal product.
This study provides quantitative estimates of the gender gap in the labor market of Iran. In this end, using data on household income and expenditure, from 2005... 

Iranian Household Expenditures and Income Survay(IHEIS) in urban area shows that, average of real hourly wage against the schooling years is declining in the right tail of wage distribution between 1390 and 1384(2005 and 2011). A tentative justification for this observation is that the private rate of return to education at upper quantiles and higher years of schooling have been reduced in the mentioned period. Also, It is observed that the real wage inequality between upper and lower deciles in 1390 is less than 1384. This study intend to investigate the changes in wage inequality between different deciles by different levels of education and rates of return to education in the time... 

Some have argued that two-way markets, such as the online rideshar-ing platforms, which divide their services into different segments and provides each of these segments to the independent workforce based on an articulate and transparent income criterion, are more attrac-tive to women, which in turn, can reduce income disparities. This is due to the flexibility in working hours as well as the transparency of the labor payment process. In this study, using micro-data related to the trips of male and female drivers of Tap30, we find out that there is a 2.2 % gender earning gap between drivers. Furthermore, the fac-tors affecting the possible income difference are identified. On the one hand,... 

In this study, the intensity of child labor has been investigated by modeling household behavior in a framework of collective decision-making on resource allocation, and for this purpose, a household utility maximization problem has been used in which child’s and parents’ wages, non-working incomes, education level for bargaining power as well as several variables at the social level such as unemployment rate, divorce rate and Gini coefficient have been used to reflect labor market conditions. In this study, the structure of equations for girls and boys in urban and rural areas has been estimated by using raw household budget data for 2015 in Iran and multivariate Tobit technique. Findings...