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water-conservation
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Design and Development of an Alternative System of Recycling Exhaust Gas of a Direct Iron Reduction Furnace based on the Criterion of Minimum Destruction of Exergy and Water Usage
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Sobouhi, Yadollah (Supervisor) ; Ashjari, Mohammad Ali (Co-Advisor)
Abstract
Enormous amounts of water and energy are lost by scrubber utilization for furnace exhaust gas washing during direct iron reduction process. Hence, the aim of the current research is design and construction of a system which could be employed instead of scrubber within direct iron reduction process considering the equipment size constraints.To this end, the substitute system was manufactured after dimensional analysis and simulation of lab model compared to the prototype regarding the implementation limitations. The model has been tested in different operating conditions and empirical relations have been extracted for general analysis of direct iron reduction process. The case study here is...
A novel approach for energy and water conservation in wet cooling towers by using MWNTs and nanoporous graphene nanofluids
, Article Energy Conversion and Management ; Volume 109 , 2016 , Pages 10-18 ; 01968904 (ISSN) ; Lotfi, R ; Seif Kordi, A ; Rashidi, A. M ; Koolivand, H ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier Ltd
Abstract
This study deals with an experimental investigation on the thermal performance of a mechanical wet cooling tower with counter flow arrangement by using multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and nanoporous graphene nanofluids. Stable nanofluids were prepared through two-step procedure by using water with properties taken from a working cooling tower in the South of Iran. Zeta potential revealed suitable stability of MWNTs and nanoporous graphene nanofluids. Thermal and rheological properties of the nanofluids were investigated. It was found that thermal conductivity increases by 20% and 16% at 45°C for MWNTs and nanoporous graphene nanofluids, respectively. The increase in density and...
A Two Stage Hybrid Algorithm for the Optimal Design of Water-Using Networks
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Bozorgmehri, Ramin (Supervisor) ; Rashtchian, Davood (Supervisor)
Abstract
Industrial water systems often allow efficient water uses via water reuse and/or recirculation. The design of the network layout connecting water-using processes is a complex problem which involves several criteria to optimize. The general problem can be formulated as a non-convex nonlinear program (NLP), but due to the presence of bilinear terms, it may be difficult for local optimization solvers to attain global optimal solutions. To overcome this difficulty, this paper presents a hybrid approach combining the global optimization power of evolutionary algorithms and speed and accuracy of mathematical programming technics.By this strategy, local solutions can be avoided and the...
Investigation of Water Consumption Reduction and Exergoeconomic Analysis of Hybrid Cooling Towers
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Saidi, Mohammad Hassan (Supervisor) ; Asghari, Mohsen (Supervisor)
Abstract
Nowadays, cooling towers are widely used in power plants, refineries, petrochemicals and ventilation industries, but the water consumption of these towers is high and because of water crisis in Middle East and Iran, it is necessary to devise in order to reduce the water consumption of these towers. In this study separated hybrid cooling tower are used to investigate the water consumption at power plants. The rigorous Poppe method are used in order to estimate the exact amount of water loss due to evaporation in wet cooling towers. First, the effect of ambient condition, wet cooling tower cells and dry cooling tower size on the performance of hybrid cooling tower are investigated, then the...
Integrated Design of Ventilation, Heating, Cooling and Humidity Systems in Greenhouses to Reduce Energy and Water Consumption in Energy-Efficient Greenhouses
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Roshandel, Ramin (Supervisor) ; Avami, Akram (Supervisor)
Abstract
Nowadays, one of the most important challenges in developing and operating greenhouses in the agricultural sector is to supply them with energy. Hence, in recent years, the development of greenhouses with the goal of increasing energy efficiency and reducing production costs has been considered by the hands-on-cluster of this field. As a result, one of the main goals for the development of high-productive greenhouses is to reduce the energy consumption index for the production of a unit of product. Another challenge in the greenhouse is the high consumption of water for evaporative cooling systems. On the other hand, the supply systems for heating, cooling and ventilation should be able to...
Modeling of Water-energy Cycle and Water Particle Pathways in the Gadarchay Subbasin of the Lake Urmia Basin
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Danesh Yazdi, Mohammad (Supervisor)
Abstract
The water level of Lake Urmia has experienced a drop of 7.83 meters, from 1995 to 2017. According to previous studies, the uncontrolled development of agriculture, high consumption cultivation pattern, overuse of water resources for agricultural use and high water loss due to low irrigation efficiency, are the most important factors in the drying of Lake Urmia. Since agricultural sector is the largest water consumer (approximately 90%), the Lake Urmia Restoration Program has decided to study and implement the 40% reduction of water consumption in agricultural sector plans.Due to the inherent complexity of the Urmia Lake basin, accurate and realistic evaluation of the effectiveness of the...
Design and Fabrication of a Social Robot, to Teach Water and Energy Consumption Scheme to Children
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Meghdari, Ali (Supervisor) ; Alemi, Minoo (Supervisor)
Abstract
Nowadays children’s toys and educational stuff, have been enhanced by technology and they have found capabilities like intelligence. It is obvious that after the period of using smart devices such as phones and tablets, robots and smart robotic tools will be popular. On the other hand, children are willing to use such smart devices. Social robots are smart ones that interact with humans and are not necessarily humanoid. One of the social robots applications is for educational purposes. Many studies have shown that teaching by means of robots has good effects on learning. For example robots have been used for educating autistic children. Moreover, robots have been used for rehabilitation and...
Determining the Optimal Irrigation Pattern in Agricultural Areas Using a Combination of Remote Sensing Data and the Development of a Lump Soil Moisture Model
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Danesh-Yazdi, Mohammad (Supervisor)
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to introduce a new indicator to estimate the amount of irrigation water in excess of the need and also to determine the optimal irrigation pattern to reduce water loss in agriculture. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the major loss of fresh water takes place in agriculture, and the reduction of water resources is more significant in developing countries that do not have advanced agricultural equipment. One of the challenges in the studies related to reducing the amount of water used in agriculture is a lack of knowledge on the spatial distribution and temporal changes in water loss in a region. Although estimation of...
Application of the WEPP model to determine sources of run-off and sediment in a forested watershed
, Article Hydrological Processes ; Volume 29, Issue 4 , 2015 , Pages 481-497 ; 08856087 (ISSN) ; Meghdadi, A. R ; Sima, S ; Sharif University of Technology
John Wiley and Sons Ltd
2015
Abstract
This study investigates critical run-off and sediment production sources in a forested Kasilian watershed located in northern Iran. The Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) watershed model was set up to simulate the run-off and sediment yields. WEPP was calibrated and validated against measured rainfall-run-off-sediment data. Results showed that simulated run-off and sediment yields of the watershed were in agreement with the measured data for the calibration and validation periods. While low and medium values of run-off and sediment yields were adequately simulated by the WEPP model, high run-off and sediment yield values were underestimated. Performance of the model was evaluated as...
Day-ahead power system scheduling considering water consumption in power plants
, Article International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems ; Volume 29, Issue 12 , 2019 ; 20507038 (ISSN) ; Ganjkhani, M ; Safdarian, A ; Li, L ; Sharif University of Technology
John Wiley and Sons Ltd
2019
Abstract
Power generation consumes a substantial amount of water in the power industry. In order to address the impact of water consumption restriction on the power generation, this paper proposes a security-constrained unit commitment (SCUC) formulation considering water consumption impact as an additional constraint. To this end, the water consumption in power plants is formulated. Consequently, the SCUC is extended to consider the consumed water volume as a restricting factor. A procedure is introduced to investigate the most appropriate point of power generation operation to save a vital amount of water by raising reasonable generation costs. The objective of the proposed model is to minimize the...
An innovative solar assisted desiccant-based evaporative cooling system for co-production of water and cooling in hot and humid climates
, Article Energy Conversion and Management ; Volume 185 , 2019 , Pages 396-409 ; 01968904 (ISSN) ; Roshandel, R ; Vakiloroaya, V ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier Ltd
2019
Abstract
Although evaporative coolers consume much lower electricity than the vapor compression systems, they are not applicable in humid climates. Combination of desiccant wheels and evaporative coolers, known as desiccant-based evaporative cooling systems, allows evaporative coolers to be used in humid climates, which provide significant energy and environmental advantages with respect to vapor compression systems. However, one of the main disadvantages of evaporative cooling is the high water. Regarding the global water crisis, a cooling system which saves both water and energy will be an attractive alternative to the current cooling systems. To this aim, this paper presents a novel...
Design, operation, performance evaluation and mathematical optimization of a vermifiltration pilot plan for domestic wastewater treatment
, Article Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering ; Volume 8, Issue 1 , 2020 ; Mirzaie, M ; Hasan Zadeh, A ; Ashrafnejad, M ; Hashemian, S. J ; Shahnemati, S. R ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier Ltd
2020
Abstract
The present study shows the approach developed and employed to wastewater treatment utilizing the vermifiltration technique in a region with a population of approx. 280 people. The domestic sewage from the residential area accumulated in the septic tank was fed into the system designed based on the combination of the sand filter and the vermifilter with the optimum loading rate of 2m2 per day for 45 days. The pH, electrical conductivity, chemical oxygen demand, turbidity and nitrate concentration of wastewater were measured before and after vermitreatment for the mentioned period. The results demonstrated that the unique combination of the vermifiltration system with the sand filter was able...
Implementation of green management concepts in sport complexes
, Article International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology ; Volume 3, Issue 3 , 2006 , Pages 213-219 ; 17351472 (ISSN) ; Karbassi, A. R ; Khadivi, S ; Sharif University of Technology
CEERS
2006
Abstract
Implementation of green management in sport complexes can ensure the continuous arrangement and assessment of activities from the environmental perspective and will end up in control and prevention of contaminants. Enghelab sport complex (ESC) in Iran is selected for this study due to its size and long-term activities. Due to the comprehensive plan of the aforesaid sports complex, numerous centers and departments were established in this site in order to materialize its envisioned sports, recreational and cultural objectives. The results of the questionnaires distributed amongst the members and the personnel of the complex revealed that approximately 50 % occupants were not acquainted with...
Development of water conservation indicators for office buildings using Delphi method
, Article Jordan Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering ; Volume 16, Issue 2 , 2022 , Pages 247-259 ; 19956665 (ISSN) ; Gholami, J ; Fereydooni, M ; Moshari, S ; Sharif University of Technology
Hashemite University
2022
Abstract
One of the main concerns in source water protection and supply relates to the savings in water consumption in the building sectors. Office buildings are responsible for a considerable amount of water consumption worldwide. Thus, regulations on office buildings' water consumption would substantially reduce water consumption in the city as a whole. In order to achieve this objective, water indicators should be determined using an appropriate method. The present study focuses on the evaluation of water consumption patterns in an office building as well as the determination of the fundamental indicators for water conservation and optimization of water consumption patterns. To design and...
Optimized design of water-saving system in-slab cooling plant of Mobarakeh steel complex
, Article Journal of Cleaner Production ; Volume 335 , 2022 ; 09596526 (ISSN) ; Bazofti, M. M ; Golkar, B ; Saboohi, Y ; Mokhtari, H ; Milani, B ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier Ltd
2022
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to provide a solution to decrease water consumption in the slab-cooling unit of Mobarakeh Steel Complex in Iran. The plan should give an hourly decline in water consumption during a one-year operation period to calculate the annual reduction in water consumption of the proposed process. Recommended solutions for the conversion scheme of an existing wet cooling tower to a dry or hybrid cooling system require modeling of the slab cooling process. The curves of temperature drop in slabs are extracted in this paper by modeling the transient heat transfer of the slabs in the cooling process. This will reduce the computational volume. Then, the design and optimization of...
Design, Thermodynamic and Economic Evaluation of a Solar Assisted Air Conditioning System for Energy and Carbon Saving
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Roshandel, Ramin (Supervisor) ; Vakiloroaya, Vahid (Supervisor)
Abstract
Evaporative cooling systems are of most common cooling systems which their electricity consumption is much lower than vapor compression cooling systems. Enhancement of these system’s performance could help to propagate these systems and also decrease the electricity consumption and corresponding emissions in large scale. In this thesis, first a modified cycle is proposed for evaporative cooling. Then, in order to use evaporative cooling in humid climates, a desiccant wheel is implemented in this modified evaporative cooler. As using evaporative cooling will cause high water consumption, a novel cycle is proposed for desiccant based evaporative cooling which is able to cover system water...
Development of an Optimization Model Based on Superstructure for the Integration of Water and Energy Networks in Process Industries
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Avami, Akram (Supervisor)
Abstract
Lack of resources, environmental limitations, the incresed price of the water used by industrial processes, and the growth of the industry have caused the necessity of minimizing the heat and water consumption in industries become more vital. Therefore, in addition to the methods of energy integration for reducing the energy consumption, some other methods are being utilized to minimize the required fresh water or the production of the waste water in the industries. Studies show that regarding the direct impact that these two objects have on each other, a separate minimization of them cannot lead to the total optimization of the system. Thus, their minimization should be achieved while...
Simultanous Optimization of Water and Energ in Steel Production Based on Modified Superstructure
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Saboohi, Yadollah (Supervisor)
Abstract
In a steel production plan primary resources entered the process are converted to high value products and byproducts. To this end, resources need to pass several consecutive process that require utility streams. One could not achieve the optimum operation of an industrial process unless they maximize the product and minimize the utility and waste. Therefore, it is important to consider the process stream integrated. The aim of this work is to find the optimum consumption of water and energy in a steel production and to calculate the potential reduction in water and energy resource destruction. Present work could be define a mathematical programing problem in which water users and all streams...
Determination and Simulation of Socio-Economic Urban Water Conservation Behavior Using Structural Equation Modeling and Agent Based Modeling
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Danesh Yazdi, Mohammad (Supervisor)
Abstract
Water shortage, population growth, and high levels of urban water demand are among main challenges of water demand management for developing countries and cities, and also for megacities. Urban water management systems, as they are complex adaptive systems, complex interactions exist among elements affecting the system. In other words, action from a subpart can trigger other parts, and also the whole system to respond in reaction. In this study, socio-economic water consumption behavior of households is studies and simulated in an agent-based modeling platform. First, households are interviewed and, using the qualitative data extracted from interviews and also the behavioral science...
A Discrete Event Simulation-Based Framework for Feasibility Assessment of Rainwater Consumption in Buildings
,
M.Sc. Thesis
Sharif University of Technology
;
Alvanchi, Amin
(Supervisor)
Abstract
During the last decades, the exponential population growth as well as the adverse impacts of climate change have brought about serious challenges in supplying freshwater demands. In this regard, buildings account for a considerable portion of freshwater withdrawal. Accordingly, urgent measures should be taken to tackle this crisis. Rainwater harvesting (RWH), Greywater recycling (GWR), and Hybrid rainwater greywater (HRG) systems are considered efficient substitute resources that are able to reduce the consumption of water supplied by centralized networks in buildings. Nonetheless, there is a vital need for the financial and technical assessment of these systems. Additionally, multiple...