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water-supply-systems
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Pressure - Leakage relation in urban water distribution systems
, Article Proceedings of the ASCE International Conference on Pipeline Engineering and Construction: New Pipeline Technologies, Security and Safety, Baltimore, MD, 13 June 2003 through 16 June 2003 ; Volume 1 , 2003 , Pages 304-312 ; 0784406901 (ISBN); 9780784406908 (ISBN) ; Ghazali, A. A ; Sharif University of Technology
American Society of Civil Engineers Texas Section
2003
Abstract
Due to increase of per capita water usage, water supply costs and population growth rate; optimal usages of available resources are vital. This is especially important in developing countries. If we add water resource deficits to the above problems, its importance duplicates. One of the ways of using resources optimally is utilizing transferred water in distribution systems properly and preventing its loss. Unaccounted for water (UFW) is an indicator of water loss in most cities. A big part of UFW is due to leakage of pipeline in distribution systems. Researchers have found direct relation between leakage and pressure in distribution systems. Earlier works have shown a series of laboratory...
Numerical study on water distribution in different layers of direct methanol fuel cells
, Article Journal of the Electrochemical Society ; Vol. 161, issue. 8 , 2014 , pp. E3110-E3124 ; ISSN: 00134651 ; Baghalha, M ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
In this paper, a two-dimensional, two-phase, isothermal model is presented to investigate the water transport characteristic and water distribution in a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) with emphasis on exploring the water distribution in different layers of DMFC. The liquid-gas two-phase mass transport in the porous anode and cathode is formulated based on multi-fluid model in porous media and water and methanol crossover through the membrane are considered with the effect of diffusion, electro-osmotic drag, and convection. The modeling results agree well with the three different experimental data in an extensive range of operation conditions. A parametric study is also performed to examine...
Development of a saturation-based μ(I)-rheology for wet granular materials using discrete element method
, Article Scientia Iranica ; Volume 28, Issue 5 B , 2021 , Pages 2719-2732 ; 10263098 (ISSN) ; Taghizadeh Manzari, M ; Hajilouy Benisi, A ; Sharif University of Technology
Sharif University of Technology
2021
Abstract
The present study employs Discrete Element Method (DEM) to establish a rheological model that relates the apparent viscosity of a granular material to shear rate, normal stress, and water saturation. In addition, a theoretical model was developed to determine water distribution and water-induced forces between particles for different saturations. The resulting forces were embedded in a 3D shear cell as a numerical rheometer, and a wet specimen was sheared between two walls. A power law rheological model was then obtained as a function of inertia number and saturation. It was found that up to a critical saturation, the apparent viscosity increased with saturation that was higher than that of...
Effects of microhydrophobic porous layer on water distribution in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells
, Article Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology ; Vol. 11, Issue. 1 , 2014 ; ISSN: 1550-624X ; Roshandel, R ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
Performance of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) at high current densities is limited to transport reactants and products. Furthermore, large amounts of water are generated and may be condensed due to the low temperature of the PEMFC. Development of a two-phase flow model is necessary in order to predict water flooding and its effects on the PEMFC performance. In this paper, a multiphase mixture model (M2) is used, accurately, to model two-phase transport in porous media of a PEMFC. The cathode side, which includes channel, gas diffusion layer (GDL), microporous layer (MPL), and catalyst layer (CL), is considered as the computational domain. A multidomain approach has been used...
Multi-criteria decision making for integrated urban water management
, Article IAHS-AISH Publication ; Issue 293 , 2005 , Pages 73-82 ; 01447815 (ISSN) ; Abrishamchi, A ; Ardakanian, R ; Sharif University of Technology
2005
Abstract
The integration of water demand management measures using a multi-criteria decision making model is discussed. The demand management measures include leakage detection, water metering and distribution network rehabilitation. A Compromise Programming method is used for integration of criteria including economic efficiency, public health and sustainability. The model is found to be efficient for long-term plans for implementation and usage of resources and is capable of being employed by decision makers in comprehensive urban water management studies
Development of a dynamic long-term water allocation model for agriculture and industry water demands
, Article Water Resources Management ; Volume 24, Issue 9 , 2010 , Pages 1717-1746 ; 09204741 (ISSN) ; Ardakanian, R ; Sharif University of Technology
2010
Abstract
Demands growth and water resources limitation, enforce water sector policy makers to integrate water supply-demand interactions in a coherent framework for efficient water allocation. Water supply-demand interaction, changes long-term trend of water demands, which in turn has a substantial influence on water allocation. Researches on water allocation modeling lack adequate projection of relationship between water supply and demand. Socio-economic factors representing water allocation stakeholders' benefits, account for the main share of water supply-demand interaction. Identification, representation and consideration of these factors in a water allocation model, is the main limitation of...
Comparative analysis of agricultural water pricing between Azarbaijan Provinces in Iran and the state of California in the US: A hydro-economic approach
, Article Agricultural Water Management ; Volume 223 , 2019 ; 03783774 (ISSN) ; Zakeri, Z ; Esfandiari, M ; Behzadian, K ; Zahedi, S ; Razavi, V ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier B.V
2019
Abstract
Iranian water authority has recently announced that one of the effective ways to avoid unprecedented high water consumption in Iran's agriculture sector is to increase water price. This paper analyzes the feasibility of this policy by using a hydro-economic approach with the aim to consider the role of water pricing in agricultural water management. Such an analysis was conducted through comparing price of water consumed for producing selected agricultural crops (i.e. wheat, sugar beets, onion, tomato, barley, potato, corn, alfalfa hay and watermelon) in a case study on two provinces (East Azarbaijan and West Azarbaijan) in Iran to that in the state of California (CA) in the USA. According...
Multi-criteria decision making for integrated urban water management
, Article Water Resources Management ; Volume 22, Issue 8 , 2008 , Pages 1017-1029 ; 09204741 (ISSN) ; Abrishamchi, A ; Ardakanian, R ; Sharif University of Technology
2008
Abstract
The city of Zahedan, in South-eastern Iran, has high population growth, limited local freshwater resources and inadequate water distribution system resulting in water supply failures in recent years. This paper will investigate integration of several demand management measures such as leakage detection on water distribution network, water metering and low volume water fixtures as well as the conjunctive use of surface and groundwater resources of this city. For integration of water management criteria, compromise programming will be used as a multi-objective decision making method. The criteria include minimizing the cost, maximizing water supply and minimizing the social hazards due to the...