Sharif Digital Repository

We propose a theoretical scheme for teleportation of a general wave function of a quantum object. In principle, this protocol provides teleportation of discrete N-level spatial states of an object with various degrees of freedom, e.g. spin, in ordinary three-dimensional space. All necessary Bell states and their corresponding operators to measure and reconstruct the initial state are represented. © 2006 World Scientific Publishing Company  

In this study, we use the concept of Bohmian trajectories to present a dynamical and deterministic interpretation for the gravity-induced wave function reduction. We shall classify all possible regimes for the motion of a particle, based on the behavior of trajectories in the ensemble and under the influence of quantum and gravitational forces. In the usual approaches all the information is obtained from the wave function evolution. But, on the basis of Bohm's deterministic quantum theory, we can investigate the motion of the particle during the reduction processes. This leads to analytical and numerical results for the reduction time and equation of motion of the particle. In this regard, a... 

In this article, wave endurance time (WET) is addressed as an applicable method for performance-based assessment of fixed offshore structures under extreme waves. In this method, inspired by the endurance time method in the field of earthquake engineering, artificial wave records called wave functions are designed so that their excitations gradually increase with time. Therefore, the main advantage of the proposed method is that it can assess the structural performance under various wave load conditions through a single time-history analysis. Moreover, the reliability of structures can be evaluated on the basis of the time that the structural response is still acceptable. In this study,... 

Based on wave-function expansion, the time harmonic wave scattered by a circular and spherical inhomogeneity has been studied by numerous investigators. This method has also been employed to axisymmetrically coated circular and spherical inhomogeneities by some authors. When the geometry of the obstacle is not axisymmetric, the wave-function expansion is no longer applicable. In this paper, it is proposed to employ the dynamic equivalent inclusion method (DEIM) which is more general than the methods presented in the literature. It will be seen that DEIM may be used to treat a wide range of situations in a unified manner and is not bound to certain symmetries. The DEIM was first proposed by... 

Local density approximation (LDA) and Green function effective Coulomb (GW) calculations are performed to investigate the effect of electronic correlations on the electronic properties of both graphene and graphane. The size of band gap in graphane increases from 3.7 eV in LDA to 4.9 eV in GW approximation. By calculating maximally localized Wannier wave functions, we evaluate the necessary integrals to get the Hubbard U and the exchange J interaction from first principles for both graphene and graphane. Our ab-initio estimates indicate that in the case of graphene, in addition to the hopping amplitude t ∼ 2.8 eV giving rise to the Dirac nature of low lying excitations, the Hubbard U value... 

For quantum systems, we expect to see the classical behaviour at the limit of large quantum numbers. Hence, we apply Bohmian approach for describing the evolution of Earth around the Sun. We obtain possible trajectories of the Earth system with different initial conditions which converge to a certain stable orbit, known as the Kepler orbit, after a given time. The trajectories are resulted from the guiding equation p= ∇ S in the Bohmian mechanics, which relates the momentum of the system to the phase part of the wave function. Except at some special situations, Bohmian trajectories are not Newtonian in character. We show that the classic behaviour of the Earth can be interpreted as the... 

In this paper a thermodynamical derivation of the quantum potential is proposed. Within the framework of Bohmian mechanics we show how the quantum potential can be derived, by adding an additional informational degree of freedom to the ordinary degrees of freedom of a physical system. Such a derivation uses the First Law of thermodynamics for this additional degree of freedom and basic equilibrium thermodynamics methods. By doing that, one may associate a temperature to each wave function. Features and behavior of this temperature in different situations is studied. © 2019 Elsevier B.V  

To date, the existing theories pertinent to the determination of the scattered fields of an inhomogeneity have been limited to certain topological symmetries for which the method of wave-function expansion is widely used. In the literature the wave-function expansion method has also been employed to the case involving concentric coated fiber. An alternative approach is the dynamic equivalent inclusion method (DEIM) proposed by Fu and Mura [L.S. Fu, T. Mura, The determination of elastodynamic fields of an ellipsoidal inhomogeneity. ASME J. Appl. Mech. 50 (1983) 390-396.] who found the scattered field of a single spheroidal inhomogeneity. The pioneering work of Eshelby [J.D. Eshelby, The... 

We have developed a simulation system for nanoscale high-electron mobility transistors, in which the self-consistent solution of Poisson and Schrödinger equations is obtained with the finite element method. We solve the exact set of nonlinear differential equations to obtain electron wave function, electric potential distribution, electron density, Fermi surface energy and current density distribution in the whole body of the device. For more precision, local dependence of carrier mobility on the electric field distribution is considered. We furthermore compare the simulation to a recent experimental measurement and observe perfect agreement. We also propose a novel graded channel design,... 

There is a famous criterion for objective wave function reduction which is derived by using the Shrödinger–Newton equation [L Diosi, Phys. Lett. A105(4–5), 199 (1984)]. In this regard, a critical mass for the transition from quantum world to the classical world is determined for a particle or an object. In this paper, we shall derive that criterion by using the concept of Bohmian trajectories. This study has two consequences. The first is, it provides a geometric framework for the problem of wave function reduction. The second is, it represents the role of quantum and gravitational forces in the reduction process. © 2020, Indian Academy of Sciences  

In this article, wave endurance time (WET) is addressed as an applicable method for performance-based assessment of fixed offshore structures under extreme waves. In this method, inspired by the endurance time method in the field of earthquake engineering, artificial wave records called wave functions are designed so that their excitations gradually increase with time. Therefore, the main advantage of the proposed method is that it can assess the structural performance under various wave load conditions through a single time-history analysis. Moreover, the reliability of structures can be evaluated on the basis of the time that the structural response is still acceptable. In this study,... 

The two-sublattice nature of graphene lattice in conjunction with three-fold rotational symmetry, allows for the p-wave hybridization of the impurity state with the Bloch states of carbon atoms. Such an opportunity is not available in normal metals where the wave function is scalar. The p-wave hybridization function V (-k) appears when dealing with vacancies, substitutional adatoms and the hollow site impurities while the s-wave mixing on graphene lattice pertains only to the top site impurities. In this work, we compare the local moment formation in these two cases and find that the local moments formed by p-wave mixing compared to the s-wave one are robust against the changes in the... 

In this paper by solving Dirac equation, we present an analytical solution to calculate energy levels and wave functions of mono- and bilayer graphene quantum dots. By supposing circular quantum dots, we solve Dirac equation and obtain energy levels and band gap with relations in a new closed and practical form. The energy levels are correlated with a radial quantum number and radius of quantum dots. In addition to monolayer quantum dots, AA- and AB-stacked bilayer quantum dots are investigated and their energy levels and band gap are calculated as well. Also, we analyze the influence of the quantum dots size on their energy spectrum. It can be observed that the band gap decreases as quantum... 

This paper is devoted to the study of scattering of plane harmonic waves by a piezoelectric sphere with spherical isotropy embedded in an unbounded isotropic polymer matrix. The scattered displacement field and the electric potential in the matrix are expressed in terms of spherical vector wave functions and spherical harmonic functions, respectively. For the field points inside the inhomogeneity, new displacement functions are introduced. Expansion of the new displacement functions and the electric potential in terms of spherical harmonic functions, the equations of motion and electrostatic lead to four second order ordinary differential equations (odes), where three of them are coupled.... 

In this paper, a novel structure is presented in order to decrease the polarization charges of quantum wells. The main purpose of this design is to make electron and hole wavefunctions closer to each other and to increase overlap integral following an increase of radiative recombination rates and internal quantum efficiency. Furthermore, carriers will be increased and become more balanced and identical which leads to an increase in efficiency of light-emitting diodes. The improvement of radiative recombination rates is studied in new structures. Energy bands diagram, carriers density, current density–voltage, and power density–current density are used to demonstrate the superior performance...