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This paper summarizes a presentation to be given at the IEEE Power and Energy Society 2012 General Meeting, in the panel session Demand response: analytics, practice, and challenges in smart grid environment. The paper elaborates participation of demand response (DR) resources in electricity markets. Specially, different types of DR participation in the wholesale energy markets are discussed. Then, two DR program designs are presented which aim to enable customers' participation in day-ahead energy markets. The paper continues with presenting the modified structure of the day-ahead energy market in presence of the DR programs. The offer packages specifically designed for DR participation in... 

Distributed energy resources (DERs) play an important role in the future vision of distribution energy networks. This paper with the aim of promoting DERs role in energy markets proposes a new framework for the optimal bidding strategy of a Technical Virtual Power Plant (TVPP) in different markets. In the proposed framework, it is assumed that the TVPP energy power is distributed throughout a multi-carrier energy network (MCEN) which consists of district heat networks (DHNs) and a distributed electricity network (DEN). In the MCEN, CHP units are the linkage between DHNs and DEN. With the goal of maximizing the profit of TVPP in different local and wholesale energy markets, a bi-level...