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A fuzzy learning model for retrieving and learning information in visual working brain memory mechanism
, Article 2017 25th Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering, ICEE 2017, 2 May 2017 through 4 May 2017 ; 2017 , Pages 61-64 ; 9781509059638 (ISBN) ; Bagheri Shouraki, S ; Jahed, M ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
In this investigation, the idea of Visual Working Memory (VWM) mechanism modeling based on versatile fuzzy method; Active Learning method, is presented. Visual information process; retrieving and learning rely on the use of Ink Drop Spread (IDS) and Center of Gravity (COG) as spatial density convergence operators. IDS modeling is characterized by processing that uses intuitive pattern information instead of complex formulas, and it is capable of stable and fast convergence. Furthermore, because it approves that distortion in retrieving irrelative data is adaptive to avoid storing lots of repetitive external information in daily visualization. Subsequently, this distortion is analyzed via two...
Investigating Ethical Consequences of the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) with Respect to Luciano Floridi’s Philosophy and Ethics of Information
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Taghvai, Mostafa (Supervisor)
Abstract
The main purpose of this dissertation is to give an ethical evaluation of one of the consequences of ICT. Since these technologies are present in every corner of our personal and social life, recognizing their ethical and social consequences are of vital importance. The present dissertation, which is set up in 3 chapters, is allocated for evaluating one of these consequences. In the first chapter which is the first step of our overall argument indeed, one of recent theories in Cognitive Psychology and memory studies, namely Working Memory will be introduced. In the second chapter, introducing another theory in Cognitive Psychology namely Cognitive Load Theory, the role of Working Memory in...
The olfactory bulb modulates entorhinal cortex oscillations during spatial working memory
, Article Journal of Physiological Sciences ; Volume 71, Issue 1 , 2021 ; 18806546 (ISSN) ; Tabasi, F ; Nazari, M ; Ghazvineh, S ; Salimi, A ; Jamaati, H ; Raoufy, M. R ; Sharif University of Technology
BioMed Central Ltd
2021
Abstract
Cognitive functions such as working memory require integrated activity among different brain regions. Notably, entorhinal cortex (EC) activity is associated with the successful working memory task. Olfactory bulb (OB) oscillations are known as rhythms that modulate rhythmic activity in widespread brain regions during cognitive tasks. Since the OB is structurally connected to the EC, we hypothesized that OB could modulate EC activity during working memory performance. Herein, we explored OB–EC functional connectivity during spatial working memory performance by simultaneous recording local field potentials when rats performed a Y-maze task. Our results showed that the coherence of delta,...
Task-specific modulation of PFC activity for matching-rule governed decision-making
, Article Brain Structure and Function ; Volume 226, Issue 2 , 2021 , Pages 443-455 ; 18632653 (ISSN) ; Zarei, M ; Constantinidis, C ; Daliri, M. R ; Sharif University of Technology
Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
2021
Abstract
Storing information from incoming stimuli in working memory (WM) is essential for decision-making. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays a key role to support this process. Previous studies have characterized different neuronal populations in the PFC for working memory judgements based on whether an originally presented stimulus matches a subsequently presented one (matching-rule decision-making). However, much remains to be understood about this mechanism at the population level of PFC neurons. Here, we hypothesized differences in processing of feature vs. spatial WM within the PFC during a matching-rule decision-making task. To test this hypothesis, the modulation of neural activity within the...
Evaluating a new verbal working memory-balance program: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial study on Iranian children with dyslexia
, Article BMC Neuroscience ; Volume 22, Issue 1 , 2021 ; 14712202 (ISSN) ; Behzadipour, S ; Pourghayoomi, E ; Joghataei, M. T ; Shirazi, E ; Fawcett, A. J ; Sharif University of Technology
BioMed Central Ltd
2021
Abstract
Background: It is important to improve verbal Working Memory (WM) in reading disability, as it is a key factor in learning. There are commercial verbal WM training programs, which have some short-term effects only on the verbal WM capacity, not reading. However, because of some weaknesses in current verbal WM training programs, researchers suggested designing and developing newly structured programs that particularly target educational functions such as reading skills. In the current double-blind randomized clinical trial study, we designed a new Verbal Working Memory-Balance (VWM-B) program which was carried out using a portable robotic device. The short-term effects of the VWM-B program,...
Allergic rhinitis impairs working memory in association with drop of hippocampal – Prefrontal coupling
, Article Brain Research ; Volume 1758 , 2021 ; 00068993 (ISSN) ; Ghazvineh, S ; Nazari, M ; Dehdar, K ; Garousi, M ; Zare, M ; Tabasi, F ; Jamaati, H ; Salimi, A ; Barkley, V ; Mirnajafi Zadeh, J ; Raoufy, M. R ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier B.V
2021
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic inflammatory disease frequently associated with a deficit in learning and memory. Working memory is an important system for decision making and guidance, which depends on interactions between the ventral hippocampus (vHipp) and the prelimbic prefrontal cortex (plPFC). It is still unclear whether AR influences the activity and coupling of these brain areas, which consequently may impair working memory. The current study aimed to examine alterations of the vHipp-plPFC circuit in a rat model of AR. Our results show decreased working memory performance in AR animals, accompanied by a reduction of theta and gamma oscillations in plPFC. Also, AR reduces...