Sharif Digital Repository

According to the world health organization, major depressive disorder (MDD) is considered as the fourth main cause of death and premature weakness in the whole world. Abnormality in the hormones and neurotransmitters level is the one of the main factors which may result in this disorder. In this article melatonin is chosen among these hormones, which is the most implicated to control sleep and depression. Because the measurement of melatonin is crucial important, the fuzzy logic approach as the mathematical method is utilized to making melatonin behavior model. In this paper, two effective factors on melatonin are modeled by fuzzy logic. This model is only a part of our project which is... 

The World Health Organization (WHO) in 2013 reported that more than seven million unexpected losses every year are credited to air contamination. Because of incredible adaptability and expense viability of fibrous filters, they are broadly used for removing particulates from gasses. The influence of appropriate parameters, e.g., the fiber arrangement, solid volume fraction (SVF or α), fluid flow face velocity (mean inlet velocity), and filter thickness (Ix), on pressure drop and deposition efficiency are researched. Furthermore, to study the effects of variation of the laminar flow regime and fiber’s cross-sectional shape on the deposition of particles, only a single square fiber has been... 

An optical apta-nanosensor was designed and developed based on reduced graphene quantum dots (rGQDs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and applied for the selective detection of diazinon as one of the most widely used organophosphorus pesticides. Considering the GQDs and rGQDs high fluorescence emission and optical stability, efficient optical transducers could be designed and precise detection methods could be developed based on such transducers. Herein, by using rGQDs, diazinon specific aptamer, and MWCNTs, a simple economical fluorescence method has been introduced to detect and measure diazinon with the detection limit of 0.4 nM (0.1 μg/L) in the range of 4-31 nM, meeting the... 

A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1–70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6–70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2% (30 (22.8–38.5)... 

In this study, we have investigated the use of electrodeposited Au-Pt nanoparticles (AuPtNPs) on indium tin oxide (ITO) for the detection of Hg2+ heavy ions in water samples. The mechanism of AuPtNP electrocrystallization on ITO glass in an aqueous solution containing 0.5 mM HAuCl4 + 0.5 mM H2PtCl6 is described for the first time. The nucleation mechanism of monometallic AuNPs on ITO was found to be progressive; however, a transition from progressive to instantaneous was observed for bimetallic AuPtNPs at elevated overpotentials. The modified ITOs were then assessed for the electrodetection of Hg2+ in aqueous media. It was shown by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) that the sensitivity of... 

To propose a conceptual arrangement of reverse osmosis desalination plants, four comprehensive decision algorithms and a software are developed. Typically, commercial software predict the performance of the reverse osmosis membranes based on their pre-determined configuration; however, the developed decision algorithms and the developed software in this study have the capability of introducing the conceptual arrangement of pretreatment units, reverse osmosis membranes, and energy recovery devices for both seawater and brackish water reverse osmosis plants. To perform a comprehensive study, alongside the developed software and the decision algorithms, both design considerations of the... 

Snakebite envenoming is an important cause of preventable death. The World Health Organization (WHO) set a goal to halve snakebite mortality by 2030. We used verbal autopsy and vital registration data to model the proportion of venomous animal deaths due to snakes by location, age, year, and sex, and applied these proportions to venomous animal contact mortality estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study. In 2019, 63,400 people (95% uncertainty interval 38,900–78,600) died globally from snakebites, which was equal to an age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of 0.8 deaths (0.5–1.0) per 100,000 and represents a 36% (2–49) decrease in ASMR since 1990. India had the greatest number... 

In the present work, we investigated the characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metal(loid)s in indoor/outdoor PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 in a retirement home and a school dormitory in Tehran from May 2012 to May 2013. The results indicated that the annual levels of indoor and outdoor PM10 and PM2.5 were much higher than the guidelines issued by the World Health Organization (WHO). The most abundant detected metal(loid)s in PM were Si, Fe, Zn, Al, and Pb. We found higher percentages of metal(loid)s in smaller size fractions of PM. Additionally, the results showed that the total PAHs (ΣPAHs) bound to PM were...