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- Type of Document: M.Sc. Thesis
- Language: Farsi
- Document No: 41882 (09)
- University: Sharif University of Technology
- Department: Civil Engineering
- Advisor(s): Erhami, Mohammad
- Abstract:
- Epidemiological studies have shown a positive association between particulate matters exposure and adverse health effects. However, the insufficient knowledge about the influences of components or characteristics of these particles on their health effects and toxicity leads into inefficient control practices for reducing particulates health effects. So, relationship between particles toxicity and their emission sources and components is a valuable criterion in particle emission control strategies. Moreover, as people spend most of their time in indoor environment, investigating the main sources and components of particulate toxicity in indoor environment and finding the influence of outdoor sources on indoor toxicity is very crucial. Oxidative stress is a principle parameter in particles toxicity which is measured in toxicity bioassays and could be used in determining the extent of adverse health effects. There is a hypothesis which relates cellular oxidative stress with high generation of reactive oxygen species.
In this study, relation between results of toxicity bioassays and particles components and sources in indoor/outdoor environment is derived by multiple linear regressions of data gathered during the cardiovascular health and air pollution study (CHAPS). CHAPS is a multidisciplinary project which designed to investigate the effects of micro- environmental exposures to PM on cardiovascular outcomes in elderly retirees affected by coronary artery disease. Results of analysis show that organic components, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, hopanes, steranes and water soluble carbon and trace elements including vanadium, zinc, nickel and sulfur are the main contributors to redox properties of particulate matters. Emission sources including high and low duty vehicles and secondary organic aerosols are introduced as the main sources of toxicity. Moreover, seasonal comparing of toxicity in indoor and outdoor environment implies that most of indoor toxicity has outdoor origin and warmer season has higher toxicity than colder season in most cases.
After investigating the main components of particulate matter regarding toxicity, levels of these components were examined at two cities in Iran with high levels of particulate matter originating from different sources, Tehran and Ahvaz. Results indicate the concerning state of toxic components in airborne particles of these two cities and suggest more studies to be implemented and emphasized the need for an integrated control program - Keywords:
- Air Particulate Matter ; Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ; Indoor Air Pollution ; Toxicity ; Oxidative Stress
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