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Numerical Modeling of In-plane Behavior of Adobe Walls Strengthened by Various Retrofitting Methods Under Cyclic Loading

Hashemi Rafsanjani, Ebrahim | 2010

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  1. Type of Document: M.Sc. Thesis
  2. Language: Farsi
  3. Document No: 42500 (09)
  4. University: Sharif University of Technology
  5. Department: Civil Engineering
  6. Advisor(s): Bakhshi, Ali; Ghannad, Mohammad Ali
  7. Abstract:
  8. Adobe structures are considered as masonry structures which are out of scope of 2800 Iranian code. Due to this code, since these structures are made of weak materials, they do not have a considerable resistance to earthquakes. Since these structures can be found all around Iran; therefore, seismic study of walls as an important component of these structures, is, indeed, necessary. During this study, cyclic tests on three types of adobe walls, without opening, with window-opening, and with door-and-window-opening with a scale of 2:3 were done to study their in-plane behavior and also their failure modes. Based on our observations, in these walls, because of small ratio of height to length, high gravity load, and low adhesion of mortar, mechanism of shear failure occurs and diagonal flaws appear. Moreover, presence of openings decreases the strength while it increases the ductility in these structures. In order to increase the in-plane behavior of this type of walls, it was decided to retrofit them. Retrofitting by welded steel mesh grid planes and straps were adopted out of available options. It must be noticed that, the common mode of failure in primary non-retrofitted specimens were the main source of decision about the recommended retrofitting systems. In addition, the basis to perform the laboratory tests, were the statistical data obtained from the first stage of this project and having a scientific visit to Kerman. The retrofitted specimens showed more energy dissipation and resistance compared to un-retrofitted ones. Moreover, ductility was increased in retrofitted specimens, in a way, that the maximum displacement in the retrofitted specimens without opening increased 1.6 to 2 times larger, and in the retrofitted specimens with window-opening, 4 to 4.2 times larger in comparison with corresponding un-retrofitted specimens
  9. Keywords:
  10. Adobe Walls ; Numerical Modeling ; Seismic Rehabilitation ; Predictive Model ; In-Plane Behavior

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