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- Type of Document: M.Sc. Thesis
- Language: Farsi
- Document No: 42743 (46)
- University: Sharif University of Technology
- Department: Energy Engineering
- Advisor(s): Roshandel, Ramin
- Abstract:
- Inappropriate effects of fossil fuels and conventional power generation systems on the environment have necessitated a sustainable energy system for the next decade by growing interests in renewable energy systems. The world’s most fast-growing renewable energy resource is the wind energy. The main problem of wind power is the power fluctuations at the load side caused by the variable nature of wind speed, and the main issue in case of remote locations is the long-term storage of power generated by wind turbines. Batteries can be used to store a limited amount of energy for a short time. Although new advances in this field have been achieved, most common type of batteries is hardly able to store electricity up to one month. The new technology which is proposed more recently is hydrogen storage. Power can be converted into hydrogen, for long-term storage, using an electrolyzer for later use in fuel cells. After many technical advances, proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) and their technology have now reached the test and demonstration level. Since small PEM fuel cell units have been commercially available recently, new opportunities have been created to design hybrid energy systems for remote applications with energy storage in hydrogen form. Thus, hydrogen generation can lead to a pathway for electricity generated by wind turbine to store electrical energy for long time, and the stored hydrogen can be used by PEM fuel cell power plants under the low wind speed conditions. In this work, three strategies to power the demand load have been considered. Several components like wind turbine, batteries, electrolyzer and fuel cell are used in the system. Essentially, the fluctuation of the power generated by the wind turbine due to wind speed variation is reduced using battery. However, for the regions with discrete wind profile, hydrogen is stored in tanks and the fuel cells are utilized as a secondary system to ensure continuous power supply and to take care of the intermitted nature of the wind. This research has been conducted in three phases. In the first phase, the performance of wind-battery-fuel cell is studied and its components are modeled by mathematical equations. These models have been applied to Abarkooh - Iran as a case study and the Sankey diagram is developed for a more detailed energy flow analysis. The second phase of this study deals with reducing energy waste using fuel cell manufacturing optimization. In this phase, the performance indicators of the fuel cells are calculated and their manufacturing process is optimized in order to gain maximum power output. Finally, the third phase studies the effects of this optimal path on the performance of the investigated hybrid system. The overall efficiency is increased from a previous value of 14 % to nearly 21% using a supply of excess hydrogen. It is shown that by improving the manufacturing processes, this figure may even reach 25%
- Keywords:
- Wind Turbine ; Fuel Cell ; Manufacturing Process ; Stand-Alone State ; Battery
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