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A Musculoskeletal Model of the Hand and Forearm to Simulate the Rehabilitation Process of Stroke Survivors

Hosseininejad, Sepide | 2012

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  1. Type of Document: M.Sc. Thesis
  2. Language: Farsi
  3. Document No: 42944 (08)
  4. University: Sharif University of Technology
  5. Department: Mechanical Engineering
  6. Advisor(s): Farahmand, Farzam; Saadat Foumani, Mahmoud; Forough, Bijan
  7. Abstract:
  8. Spasticity is a common phenomenon following stroke, which causes increase in muscle resistance to imposed movements. Most of the clinical measurements used by physiotherapists to evaluate spasticity are qualitative. Consequently, the reported results are subjective. The objective of this study was to develop a musculoskeletal model of the upper limb to simulate spasticity of muscles activating in wrist flexion-extension. Subjects in two groups of normal and stroke survivors participated in this study. Six normal subjects and three hemiplegia patients were exercised by the robotic instrument. Simultaneously, the resistive moment, the wrist joint position and the EMG of muscles were recorded. A model of the upper limb was also developed to simulate wrist motions. Geometrical model based on the muscle attachment points to the bones was proposed, and Zajac muscular model was employed to predict muscle forces. Six major muscles activating in wrist flexion-extension were included in this modeling. In healthy subjects, different optimization criteria were employed to solve inverse dynamic equations. By applying another solving approach and using EMG-based method, muscle spasticity in patient group was investigated. Results indicated a reasonable agreement between modeling muscle activity and the EMG experimental data. Moreover, it was demonstrated that in normal subjects, flexor carpi redialis and extensor carpi radialis brevis muscles had the most force contribution rate in providing the wrist flexor and extensor moments, respectively, about 60 and 45 percent. In patients, in addition to change in the muscle activation patterns, muscle spasticity increased incredibly, up to 3.5 times more than un-affected limb
  9. Keywords:
  10. Upper Limb ; Hill Muscle Model ; Musculoskeletal System ; Muscular Model ; Spasticity

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