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Analysis of Various Approaches for Expounding Dissipative Effects in
Open Quantum Systems

Naeij, Hamid Reza | 2017

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  1. Type of Document: Ph.D. Dissertation
  2. Language: Farsi
  3. Document No: 49917 (03)
  4. University: Sharif University of Technology
  5. Department: Chemistry
  6. Advisor(s): Shafiee, Afshin
  7. Abstract:
  8. Quantum Theory leads to results that are consistent with the very high accuracy with experience and also includes a wide range of empirical phenomena. Hence, quantum mechanics is accepted as the best and most acclaimed physical theory. However, there is still no consensus between physicists on the interpretation of parts of this theory. One of the unresolved issues in quantum mechanics is the measurement problem. The basis of the measurement problem is a kind of transition from the quantum world to the classical world. The fundamental question that arises here is, where is the boundary between quantum mechanics and classical mechanics? and how can be described the transition from quantum to classic? One of the mechanisms presented for this transfer is the decoherence theory. The decoherence theory is the redefinition of the standard quantum mechanics for open quantum systems. The basis of this theory is that quantum systems are constantly interacting with the environment. Such an interaction causes the quantum behavior diminish at the system level and leads to the occurrence of classical states. Thus, the transition from quantum to classical world based on this theory would be possible. On the other hand, macroscopic quantum systems are considered as a bridge between quantum and classical systems, which can be helpful in understanding the distinction between quantum mechanics and classical mechanics. In this thesis, first, we describe open quantum systems and macroscopic quantum systems. Then, we investigate the basic concepts of quantum mechanics, including the Heisenberg uncertainty relation and the double-slit interference pattern for macroscopic quantum systems that interact with the environment. In addition, by analyzing the dynamics of a dissipative macroscopic quantum system through the calculation of the Langevin equation with two approaches, Quantum Mechanics and Bohmian Theory, the results of these two theories are analyzed and compared. Finally, the study of quantum effects in the biological world, in particular the role of these effects in the process of ion selectivity in ion channels will be discussed
  9. Keywords:
  10. Bohmian Mechanics ; Langevin Equation ; Decoherence ; Heisenberg Uncertaity Principle ; Ion Channel ; Macroscopic Quantum System ; Double-Slit Interference Pattern

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