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Oncolytic paramyxoviruses-induced autophagy; A prudent weapon for cancer therapy

Keshavarz, M ; Sharif University of Technology | 2019

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  1. Type of Document: Article
  2. DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0542-9
  3. Publisher: BioMed Central Ltd , 2019
  4. Abstract:
  5. Oncolytic virotherapy has currently emerged as a promising approach upon which scientists have been able to induce tumor-specific cell death in a broad spectrum of malignancies. Paramyxoviruses represent intrinsic oncolytic capability, which makes them excellent candidates to be widely used in oncolytic virotherapy. The mechanisms through which these viruses destroy the cancerous cells involve triggering the autophagic machinery and apoptosis in target cells. Interestingly, oncolytic paramyxoviruses have been found to induce autophagy and lead to tumor cells death rather than their survival. Indeed, the induction of autophagy has been revealed to enhance the immunogenicity of tumor cells via the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and the activation of autophagy-related immunogenic cell death (ICD). Subsequent cross-presentation of tumor-associated antigens (TAA) through the MHC-I complex to CD8+ T cells results in the productive priming of the tumor-specific immune response. In this review, we first briefly discuss autophagy and explain the process of viral xenophagy. Finally, we focus on the interactions between virus and autophagy proteins, elaborating on the global preclinical studies on oncolytic paramyxoviruses
  6. Keywords:
  7. Autophagy ; Oncolytic virotherapy ; Paramyxovirus ; Autophagy related protein ; Autophagy related protein 10 ; Autophagy related protein 12 ; Autophagy related protein 16L1 ; Autophagy related protein 5 ; Autophagy related protein 7 ; Autophagy related protein 8 family ; Beclin 1 ; Beta interferon ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase kinase ; Initiation factor 2alpha ; Major histocompatibility antigen class 1 ; Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 ; Membrane cofactor protein ; Mitogen activated protein kinase p38 ; Nef protein ; Oncolytic paramyxovirus ; Optineurin ; Phosphatidylethanolamine ; Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase ; Protein IRE1 ; Protein kinase ; Serine threonine protein kinase ULK1 ; SNAP29 protein ; SNARE protein ; Sorting nexin ; Sorting nexin 18 ; Tumor antigen ; UNC 51 like kinase 1 ; Unclassified drug ; Unindexed drug ; Viral protein ; Apoptosis ; Autolysosome ; Autophagosome ; Cancer therapy ; CD8+ T lymphocyte ; Cytosol ; Endoplasmic reticulum stress ; Enzyme activation ; Enzyme inhibition ; Human ; Immunogenicity ; In vitro study ; Macrophage ; Measles virus ; Morbillivirus ; Newcastle disease virus ; Nonhuman ; Oxidative stress ; Priority journal ; Protein expression ; Protein secretion ; Review ; Sendai virus ; Virus replication ; Xenophagy ; Animal ; Genetics ; Neoplasm ; Physiology ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Autophagy-Related Proteins ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; Viral Proteins
  8. Source: Journal of Biomedical Science ; Volume 26, Issue 1 , 2019 ; 10217770 (ISSN)
  9. URL: https://jbiomedsci.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12929-019-0542-9