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ArcGIS for environmental and water issues
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Book
Bajjali, William
Springer International Publishing AG
2018
Cataloging brief
ArcGIS for environmental and water issues
,
Book
Bajjali, William
Springer International Publishing AG
2018
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Preface
(6)
Note on Data
(8)
Acknowledgments
(9)
Contents
(10)
1: Introduction to GIS
(18)
Introduction
(18)
What Is GIS?
(19)
GIS Description
(19)
What Can a GIS Do?
(19)
Organization
(20)
GIS Infrastructure
(20)
GIS Principles
(20)
Spatial Data Representation
(20)
Vector Data Model
(21)
Raster Data Model
(23)
Advantages and Disadvantages of the Raster and Vector Model
(24)
Raster Model
(25)
Vector Model
(25)
GIS Project
(25)
Lesson 1: Explore the Vector Data
(25)
Lesson 2: Explore the Raster Data
(26)
2: Working with ArcGIS: Classification
(28)
Introduction
(28)
Learning Objectives
(29)
ArcMap and ArcCatalog
(29)
Lesson 1: Working with ArcCatalog and ArcMap
(29)
Connect
(29)
Create a Thumbnail
(30)
Use the Search Window
(31)
Working with ArcMap
(32)
Change the Name of Layers
(33)
Symbolize the Layers
(33)
Find and Create a Bookmark
(34)
Create a Bookmark for the School North of the City of Chico
(34)
Using Relative Paths
(36)
Save Map Document
(36)
Lesson 2: Data Management
(37)
Change Names
(37)
Change the Symbols of the Layers and Show Map Tip
(38)
Label a Layer
(39)
Create a Bookmark
(40)
Create a Bookmark for the Groundwater Wellfield
(40)
Classification
(40)
Classify the City Layer
(40)
3: Map Classification and Layout
(41)
Introduction
(41)
Lesson 1: Creating Map and Data Classification
(42)
Creating Geology Map Using Text Attribute
(42)
Data Integration
(42)
Outline Placeholder
(43)
Create the Geological Map Using the Lithology Field
(43)
Creating Salinity Map Using Numeric Attribute
(45)
Classify the Salinity of Groundwater Using Natural Break Method
(45)
Outline Placeholder
(47)
Outline Placeholder
(48)
Outline Placeholder
(49)
Outline Placeholder
(50)
Use the Guidelines to Arrange the Maps in the Layout View
(52)
Insert Title
(53)
Insert Legend
(53)
Insert Scale Bar and North Arrow
(55)
4: Data Acquisition and Getting Data into GIS
(57)
Section I: Introduction to the Acquisition Method
(57)
Integrate Flat File Data into ArcGIS
(58)
Convert Degree, Minute, Second into Decimal Degree Using Excel
(58)
Integrate the Data Table into GIS
(60)
Global Positioning System and GIS
(60)
GPS Data Integration into ArcMap
(60)
GPS Data Integration Using DNR Garmin Extension
(61)
Download GPS Data and Integrate the Waypoints into ArcMap
(61)
Add GPS Data to ArcMap Using ArcGIS Explorer Desktop
(63)
Save the Waypoints Layer as a Layer Package (LPK)
(64)
Integrate LPK into ArcMap
(64)
Data Integration from the Internet
(65)
First Download the Census Tract
(66)
Second Download the Water Files
(66)
Integrate Downloaded Data into ArcMap
(67)
Aerial Photography and Satellite Images
(67)
Download Image from the Internet
(67)
Add Data from ArcGIS Online
(69)
Section II: Introduction to Feature Creating
(71)
Creating a GIS Layer from Existing Feature
(71)
Add New Features to the Existing Layer
(73)
Digitizing on Screen
(74)
Create New Polygon Shapefile
(75)
Create the Polygon Shapefile
(76)
Update the Attribute Table of the Building
(77)
Create New Line Shapefile
(78)
Create New Point Shapefile
(78)
Update the Digitized Map
(79)
Remove the Non-existing Buildings from the New Image
(80)
Modify the E Building
(81)
5: Coordinate Systems and Projections
(83)
Introduction
(83)
Geographic Coordinate System (GCS)
(83)
Map Projections
(84)
Projection and Distortion
(84)
Concept of the Datum
(86)
Projection Parameters
(87)
Working with GCS
(88)
Projection on the Fly
(88)
Define the Coordinate System and Datum
(88)
Apply the Projection on the Fly
(89)
Define the Projection
(90)
How to Check That?
(91)
Set the Environment
(91)
Projection the GCS into UTM Zone 15
(92)
Georeferencing
(93)
GIS Approach
(94)
Set Environment
(94)
Raster Projection
(97)
Set the Environment
(98)
Project the Rectified Raster
(98)
Datum Conflict
(99)
GIS Approach
(99)
6: ArcScan
(104)
Introduction
(104)
Data Requirement
(105)
Data Integration
(105)
Make a Bi-level Image with 2-Classes by Reclassification
(106)
Use Reclassify Tool to Make the Image to Have Two Classes (0, 1)
(106)
Reclassification of the Image
(107)
Prepare the Image for Vectorization
(108)
Create a Blank Shapefile
(109)
Raster Cleanup
(109)
Remove the Undesired Objects in the Image
(110)
First Approach
(110)
Using Erase Tool
(110)
Using Magic Erase Tool
(111)
Second Approach
(111)
Vectorization
(112)
Interactive Vectorization (Vectorization Trace)
(112)
Vectorization Trace
(112)
Raster Snapping
(113)
Vectorization Trace
(113)
Snapping Toolbar
(114)
Automatic Vectorization
(115)
Show Preview
(116)
Generate Features
(116)
7: Geodatabase
(118)
Introduction
(118)
Creating a Geodatabase
(118)
Create File Geodatabase
(119)
Create a Feature Class and Assign for it WGS84-GCS
(119)
Capture the Feature Classes Using an Image
(120)
Create Feature Dataset and Import Shapefiles into It
(122)
Import the Stream, StudyArea, and Dam into the Water Feature Dataset
(122)
Create a Relationship Class
(123)
Create Personal Geodatabase
(124)
Integrate Shapefiles and Tables into Personal Geodatabase
(124)
Create Relationship Class
(125)
Create Relationship Class in Jizzi.gdb Between Table1 and Table2
(127)
Find the Wells that have Salinity Higher than 500 mg
(129)
Projection and Datum Conflict
(130)
GIS Approach
(131)
8: Data Editing and Topology
(132)
Introduction
(132)
I: Simple Editing
(133)
Delete Function
(134)
Move Function
(134)
Split Function
(135)
Reshape Function
(136)
Modify Feature
(137)
Update the Area and Perimeter Field in the Geology Attribute Table
(139)
Merge Function
(140)
II: Advance Editing
(141)
Fixing Overshoots and Undershoots
(141)
GIS Approach
(141)
Correct Overshoots of the Street
(143)
Generalize a Stream Feature
(143)
Smooth a Lake Feature
(144)
III: Topological Editing Using Geodatabase
(145)
Fix Fault System Using Topology
(145)
Editing Using Topology
(146)
Create Geodatabase
(146)
Building Topology and Set the Rules
(147)
Fixing Dangles in ArcMap Using First Topology Approach
(148)
Topology Tool
(148)
Fixing Dangles in ArcMap Using Second Topology Approach
(150)
Fix Watershed Using Topology
(151)
Build Topology Rule to Make Two Watershed Layers Cover Each Other
(152)
9: Geoprocessing
(156)
Introduction
(156)
GIS Approach
(157)
Dissolve
(157)
Set the Geoprocessing Environment
(157)
Classification of the New Layer
(158)
Label the New Layer
(159)
Clip Tool
(159)
Intersect Tool
(160)
Merge Tool
(161)
Buffer Tool and Select by Location
(162)
Create an Artificial Water Reservoir for Irrigation Purposes
(163)
Convert the Graphic into Feature
(164)
Calculate the Area of the Reservoir
(164)
Calculate the Area of the Ideal Farm “FarmNew”
(165)
Erase Tool
(165)
Calculate the New Area of the Ideal Farm “FarmNew” After Removing the Reservoir
(166)
10: Site Suitability and Modeling
(167)
Introduction
(167)
Model 1
(167)
The Criteria to Build the Greenhouse
(168)
GIS Approach
(168)
Overlay Analysis: Union
(170)
Select Tool
(170)
Area Calculation
(171)
Geoprocessing Model for Spatial Analysis
(172)
Model 2
(173)
Find Best Suitable Location to Build Nuclear Power Plant
(173)
The Criteria to Find Suitable Location to Build Nuclear Power Plant
(173)
Building the Geoprocessing ModelBuilder
(173)
Create a New Toolbox
(174)
Select Tool
(178)
Union Tool
(179)
Erase Tool
(181)
Validate and Run the ModelBuilder in Model Window
(182)
Add Model Name
(184)
Set Model Parameters and Run ModelBuilder in Model Tool
(185)
Run the Model Tool
(188)
11: Geocoding
(191)
Introduction
(191)
Geocoding Based on Zip Code
(191)
GIS Approach
(192)
Create Address Locator
(193)
Geocode the Addresses
(194)
Create Table with the Nitrate Information
(195)
Symbolizing
(196)
Geocoding Based on Street Address
(197)
Integrate Excel Table
(197)
Create Address Locator
(198)
Test Your Address Locator
(199)
Examine the Geocoding Results
(201)
Match the Unmatched Addresses
(201)
Rematch the Address
(201)
First Address (2066 Fisher AV)
(202)
Second Address (666 20TH AV)
(202)
12: Working with Raster
(204)
Introduction: Raster Format
(204)
Feature Representation in Raster Format
(204)
Section 1: Data Download and Display in ArcMap
(205)
Section 2: Projection and Processing Raster Dataset
(205)
Section 3: Terrain Analysis
(205)
Section 1: Data Download and Display in ArcMap
(205)
Download DEM Image from USGS Webpage
(205)
Download Data from the National Map of USGS
(206)
Unzip the File
(207)
Explore the DEM Image
(207)
Convert Image from Float to Integer
(209)
Int Tool
(209)
Section 2: Projection and Processing Raster Dataset
(210)
Project the DEM of an Area in the Amman-Zarqa Basin
(210)
Clip an Image
(211)
Merge Raster Datasets (Mosaic)
(212)
Resample an Image
(213)
Classify an Image
(214)
Convert Vector Feature into Raster
(214)
Section 3: Terrain Analysis
(216)
Create Hillshade
(216)
Create Contour for Dhuleil DEM
(217)
Create Vertical Profile
(218)
Create Visibility Map
(219)
Add a Height to an Observation Point
(220)
Create Line of Sight
(221)
Slope and Aspect
(222)
Derive Slope Layer
(222)
Classify the Slope into Six Classes
(223)
Derive Aspect Layer
(224)
Reclassify Slope and Aspect
(224)
Reclassify the Slope
(224)
Reclassify the Aspect
(225)
Combine Two Images: Slope and Geology
(227)
Extract by Attribute Tool
(229)
Raster Calculator Tool
(229)
Calculate the Percent of the Area That Suitable for Installation the Lysimeter
(230)
13: Spatial Interpolation
(231)
Introduction
(231)
Method of Interpolation
(232)
Trend Surface Analysis
(232)
Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW)
(232)
Global Polynomial (GP)
(233)
Kriging
(233)
Data and Coordinate System
(234)
Density of Groundwater Well
(234)
GIS Approach
(235)
Symbolize the Wells Based on TDS
(235)
Trend Analysis
(237)
I: Global Polynomial Interpolation
(238)
Convert the GPI Predicted Map into ESRI Grid and Clip It Using the Mask Technique
(240)
Classify the GPI Map
(240)
II: Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW)
(241)
Convert the IDW Predicted Map into ESRI Grid and Clip It Using the Mask Technique
(242)
Classify the IDW Map
(243)
Interpolation Using Kriging
(244)
Convert the Kriging Predicted Map into ESRI Grid and Clip It Using the Mask Technique
(246)
14: Watershed Delineation
(247)
Introduction
(247)
Flow Direction
(248)
Flow Accumulation
(248)
Stream Link
(248)
Delineate the Watershed
(249)
Step 1: Run the Flow Direction Tool
(249)
Step 2: Identify the Locations of the SINK (Sink Tool)
(250)
Step 3: Run the Fill Tool
(251)
Step 4: Run the Flow Direction tool
(251)
Step 5: Create a Flow Accumulation Raster
(252)
Step 6: Create Source Raster to Delineate Watershed
(253)
Source Raster
(253)
Step 7: Delineate Watershed
(254)
Point-Based Watershed
(254)
Convert Pourshed Raster to Vector
(255)
Calculate the Recharge amount of the Dhuleil_Watershed
(256)
15: Geostatistical Analysis
(258)
Introduction
(258)
Measuring Geographic Distribution Toolset
(258)
Calculate Mean Center with and Without Weight
(259)
Mean Center
(259)
GIS Approach
(260)
Mean Center with Weight
(261)
Standard Distance and Mean Center
(262)
GIS Approach
(262)
Distance of the Khaldiyah Dam from the Center of the Buffer
(263)
Analyzing Pattern Toolset
(264)
Identifying Pattern Based on Location
(264)
Average Nearest Neighbor tool
(264)
Null Hypothesis
(265)
GIS Approach
(266)
Identify Pattern Based on Values (Getis-Ord General G)
(268)
Find the Ideal Distance
(269)
Spatial Autocorrelation (Moran’s I)
(270)
Prepare the Data for Analysis
(270)
Spatial Join Between Grid_1000 and Well Layers
(270)
Run Spatial Autocorrelation (Moran’s I)
(272)
Mapping Clusters
(273)
Cluster and Outlier Analysis (Anselin Local Moran I)
(273)
GIS Approach
(274)
Run Cluster and Outlier Analysis (Anselin Local Moran I)
(274)
Hot Spot Analysis (Getis-Ord GI*)
(275)
16: Proximity and Network Analysis
(278)
Introduction
(278)
Proximity Analysis in Vector Format
(278)
GIS Approach to Solve Scenario 1
(279)
Buffer the WWTP in the Samra Region
(280)
Select By Location
(281)
SQL Statement
(281)
Buffer the Stream in the Region
(283)
Definition Query
(285)
Near Tool
(285)
Desire Lines (Spider Diagram) Tool
(286)
GIS Approach to Solve Scenario 2
(287)
Use the Multi-Ring Buffer Around the Hay Arnous Town
(287)
GIS Approach to Solve Scenario 3
(289)
Proximity Analysis in Raster Format
(289)
Point Distance Method
(289)
GIS Approach to Solve Scenario 3
(290)
Point Distance Tool
(291)
Definition Query
(293)
Well Classification
(293)
Salinity (TDS) Classification
(293)
Nitrate (NO3) Classification
(294)
Network Analyst
(295)
GIS Approach
(295)
Create Network Dataset
(298)
Build the Network
(299)
New Service Area
(300)
Add Locations Tool
(301)
Calculate the Service Area with Certain Travel Time
(301)
Ten Minutes Travel Time
(301)
20-Minutes Travel Time
(302)
Calculate the True Path and Total Time between the Wells and Each Town
(303)
GIS Approach
(304)
Run Add Locations Tool Between Facilities and Well_Supply
(305)
Run Add Location Tool Again
(306)
Show Route Direction
(307)
17: 3-D Analysis
(308)
Introduction
(308)
Z Values
(308)
Raster
(308)
Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN)
(309)
3-D Features
(309)
Lesson 1: Working with 3-D in ArcCatalog
(309)
Preview Raster (DEM) and Vector in ArcCatalog
(309)
Does the Shapefile Contain 3D Features?
(311)
Create a Layer File for the DEM of Duluth in ArcCatalog
(311)
Display Duluth.lyr in 3D Using the Base Height of Duluth DEM
(311)
Base Height for Duluth DEM
(311)
Change the Color of the Duluth Layer File
(312)
Add Shading to the Duluth Layer File
(312)
Create a 3D Thumbnail to the Duluth Layer File
(313)
Lesson 2: Working with 3-D Toolbar in ArcMap
(314)
Create Single Contour
(315)
Find the Elevation of the Rain Stations Using the “Interpolate Point”
(315)
Create a Profile Graph for the Stream Using the “Interpolate Line”
(316)
Lesson 3: Working with ArcScene
(317)
Create TIN from Contour Line
(317)
Change the Symbols of the TIN
(318)
Drape and Extrude Layers onto Dhuleil_TIN
(319)
Applying the 3D Symbol to the Tree Layer
(320)
Vertical Exaggeration
(321)
Navigate and Fly
(321)
Create an Animation and Video
(321)
Time Tracking
(323)
18: Mobile GIS Using ArcPad
(326)
Introduction
(326)
Part 1: Prepare the Data in the Office for ArcPad to Perform Field Work
(326)
Prepare Raster Data for ArcPad Desktop
(327)
Convert Raster Format into GEOTif to Make It Usable in ArcPad Desktop
(327)
Prepare File Geodatabase in ArcGIS and Integrate It into Trimble Juno T41GPS
(329)
Create File Geodatabase in ArcMap
(329)
Create a Polygon Feature Class
(329)
Create a Sidewalk Feature Class
(330)
Create a Tree Feature Class
(331)
Import the Image (Holden.tif) into the UWS File Geodatabase
(331)
Using ArcPad Data Manager Tool to Transfer Data from ArcGIS into the Mobile GIS
(332)
Starting ArcPad in Trimble Juno T41
(336)
GPS Setting in Trimble
(339)
Activate the GPS
(340)
Part 2: Capturing Data Using Trimble and ArcPad in the Field
(340)
I: Capturing Data Using the Designed File Geodatabase
(340)
Capturing the Building, Sidewalk, and Trees in the Designated Study Area
(341)
Capturing the Holden Building
(341)
Capturing the Sidewalk
(342)
Capturing the Trees
(343)
Get Data from ArcPad to ArcGIS
(343)
Editing the Data of the Holden Building
(344)
II: QuickProject
(345)
Activate the GPS in Trimble
(346)
Capturing GPS Data (Point, Line, Polygon)
(346)
Capturing Trees (Point Layer)
(347)
Capturing Sidewalk (Line Layer)
(348)
Capturing Building (Polygon Layer)
(349)
View the Picture That Was Captured in ArcPad in the Field Using Trimble
(350)
Create Map Hyperlink
(352)
Appendix A: Data Source Credits
(354)
Appendix B: Task-Index
(357)