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CRISPR-Cas, a robust gene-editing technology in the era of modern cancer immunotherapy

Miri, S. M ; Sharif University of Technology | 2020

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  1. Type of Document: Article
  2. DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01546-8
  3. Publisher: BioMed Central Ltd , 2020
  4. Abstract:
  5. Cancer immunotherapy has been emerged as a promising strategy for treatment of a broad spectrum of malignancies ranging from hematological to solid tumors. One of the principal approaches of cancer immunotherapy is transfer of natural or engineered tumor-specific T-cells into patients, a so called "adoptive cell transfer", or ACT, process. Construction of allogeneic T-cells is dependent on the employment of a gene-editing tool to modify donor-extracted T-cells and prepare them to specifically act against tumor cells with enhanced function and durability and least side-effects. In this context, CRISPR technology can be used to produce universal T-cells, equipped with recombinant T cell receptor (TCR) or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), through multiplex genome engineering using Cas nucleases. The robust potential of CRISPR-Cas in preparing the building blocks of ACT immunotherapy has broaden the application of such therapies and some of them have gotten FDA approvals. Here, we have collected the last investigations in the field of immuno-oncology conducted in partnership with CRISPR technology. In addition, studies that have addressed the challenges in the path of CRISPR-mediated cancer immunotherapy, as well as pre-treatment applications of CRISPR-Cas have been mentioned in detail. © 2020 The Author(s)
  6. Keywords:
  7. Allogeneic T-cell ; CAR T-cell ; Cas9 ; CRISPR-Cas ; TCR T-cell ; Atezolizumab ; Cancer vaccine ; CD33 antigen ; CD40 ligand ; Deoxyribonuclease ; DNA vaccine ; Interleukin 12 ; Ipilimumab ; Prostate specific membrane antigen ; Prostate stem cell antigen ; Single stranded DNA ; T lymphocyte receptor alpha chain ; T lymphocyte receptor beta chain ; Transforming growth factor beta receptor 2 ; Trastuzumab emtansine ; Adaptive immunity ; Adoptive transfer ; Antigen expression ; Bone marrow transplantation ; Cancer immunotherapy ; Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy ; CRISPR Cas system ; DNA cleavage ; Double strand break repair ; Gene editing ; Gene expression regulation ; Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive breast cancer ; Innate immunity ; Intracellular signaling ; Lymphocyte activation ; Malignant neoplasm ; Bon small cell lung cancer ; Phase 1 clinical trial (topic) ; Phase 2 clinical trial (topic) ; Protein expression ; RNA cleavage ; Tumor microenvironment ; Uterine cervix cancer
  8. Source: Cancer Cell International ; Volume 20, Issue 1 , September , 2020
  9. URL: https://cancerci.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12935-020-01546-8