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Development of Water, Energy, and Food Nexus Model Considering Agricultural Development Policies

Mosaferi, Faezeh | 2021

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  1. Type of Document: M.Sc. Thesis
  2. Language: Farsi
  3. Document No: 53765 (46)
  4. University: Sharif University of Technology
  5. Department: Energy Engineering
  6. Advisor(s): Saboohi, Yadollah
  7. Abstract:
  8. Due to increasing population and economic growth that has improved the living standards of human societies, the resources of the three sectors of water, energy, and food are in short supply. The close connection between these three parts requires integrated policy-making. In this research, for an integrated water, energy, and food system, an integer linear programming model has been developed for the optimal selection of technologies, their capacity, and their water and energy flow. Agricultural development policies include the construction of greenhouses and the use of renewable energy technologies and wastewater treatment technology to supply energy and water to the domestic and agricultural sectors. The results of implementing the model with two objective functions of annual total costs and annual environmental costs in the case study of Darjan village located in Mazandaran province show that in the case of minimum annual total costs, the integrated system has a profit of about 44770$ equal to 895,400,000 tomans. Photovoltaic panels, wind turbines, microturbines, and small hydropower plants are selected, but anaerobic digestion technology is not selected. The available land of the village is optimally allocated between the technologies of photovoltaic panels and the greenhouse, and all the energy required for heating and electricity of the village houses and greenhouse is supplied from the natural gas and electricity network. With the objective function of total annual costs, scenarios are defined based on the purchase price of natural gas and electricity from the network, investment costs of anaerobic digestion, tariffs for sale of renewable electricity of anaerobic digestion to the network, and independence of rural energy system from electricity and natural gas network. In the scenario of increasing the purchase prices of natural gas and electricity from the network and reaching the export prices, anaerobic digestion technology is selected, but the area under greenhouse cultivation becomes zero and the integrated system is no longer economical. In this case, the demand for heating of village houses is met by the heat pump. The results of the two scenarios, reduction of investment costs of anaerobic digestion and increasing the tariffs for sale of renewable electricity of anaerobic digestion to the network are the same. In other words, in both scenarios, anaerobic digestion is selected and the profit of the integrated system increases (All the goals of this project, namely the goal of reducing the environmental pollution of the village using anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment technologies, and the goal of creating employment and reducing poverty with the use of greenhouse are achieved), However, the scenario of increasing the tariff of selling renewable electricity of anaerobic digestion to 700 Tomans per kilowatt-hour of electricity, which is much lower than the export price of electricity, is more possible for the penetration of this technology in a shorter time. In the case of minimum annual environmental cost that is approximately $ 5,570 equal to 105,400,000 tomans, In addition to renewable energy technologies such as photovoltaic panels, wind turbine, and small hydropower plant, anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment technologies are selected. With the difference that the greenhouse is not selected. In this case, all the heating needed by the houses is provided by heat pump technology. The Pareto front obtained from the solution of the two-objective model shows the conflict between the two economical and environmental objective functions
  9. Keywords:
  10. Mixed Integer Linear Programming ; Agricultural Development ; Rural Development ; Nexus Modelling ; Water-Energy-Food Nexus ; Integrated System

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